Analysis of sexual dimorphism in human face

Samal, Ashok; Subramani, Vanitha; Marx, David B.

doi:10.1016/j.jvcir.2007.04.010

Cited by 63 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We also achieve better results in each age group with all these descriptors, except for the symmetry descriptor in the (30,40] age group. With these observations, which indicate that the Gender-Specific-Protocol outperforms the Gender-General-Protocol in age estimation, we confirm the claims in (Samal et al, 2007), that faces of different gender convey considerably different morphology of aging. Moreover, the overall fusion result outperforms again the result of each descriptor in the GSP experiments, and also the overall fusion result in the GGP experiments.…”

Section: Gender-specific Experimentssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In (Samal et al, 2007), Ashok Samal et al statistically confirm that sexual dimorphism is strong and widespread among face features, and find out the degree of dimorphism changes as a function age (e.g., the average age at which the sexual dimorphism becomes more significant is around 13). Thus, the face aging effect is considerably different with different gender.…”

Section: Gender-specific Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can 3D Shape of the Face Reveal your Age?

Xia

Amor

Daoudi

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications

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Abstract:Age reflects the continuous accumulation of durable effects from the past since birth. Human faces deform with time non-inversely and thus contains their aging information. In addition to its richness with anatomy information, 3D shape of faces could have the advantage of less dependent on pose and independent of illumination, while it hasn't been noticed in literature. Thus, in this work we investigate the age estimation problem from 3D shape of the face. With several descriptions grounding on Riemannian shape analysis of facial curves, we first extracted features from ideas of face Averageness, face Symmetry, its shape variations with Spatial and Gradient descriptors. Then, using the Random Forest-based Regression, experiments are carried out following the Leaving-One-Person-Out (LOPO) protocol on the FRGCv2 dataset. The proposed approach performs with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 3.29 years using a gender-general test protocol. Finally, with the gender-specific experiments, which first separate the 3D scans into Female and Male subsets, then train and test on each gender specific subset in LOPO fashion, we improves the MAE to 3.15 years, which confirms the idea that the aging effect differs with gender.

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Section: Gender-specific Experimentssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Gender-specific Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can 3D Shape of the Face Reveal your Age?

Xia

Amor

Daoudi

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications

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“…L'influence du sexe sur la morphologie crânienne est certaine, et le fait que la face squelettique montre un fort dimorphisme sexuel a déjà été observé [45][46][47]. Le rôle d'un tel dimorphisme est directement lié à la notion de perception, de reconnaissance du visage et au comportement lié à la reproduction [16,48,49].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Dimorphisme sexuel du crâne de sujets identifiés (collection Olivier, MNHN, Paris): évaluation par morphométrie géométrique

Guyomarc’h

Brůžek

2010

Bull. Mém. Soc. Anthropol.

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Dimorphisme sexuel du crâne de sujets identifiés (collection Olivier, MNHN, Paris) : évaluation par morphométrie géométrique Cranial sexual dimorphism of identified subjects (collection Olivier, MNHN, Paris): an evaluation by geometric morphometrics P. Guyomarc'h · J. Bruzek Reçu le 25 mars 2009 ; accepté le 5 mai 2010 © Société d'anthropologie de Paris et Springer-Verlag France 2010Résumé La diagnose sexuelle à partir du squelette se partage entre les méthodes visuelles, chargées d'une grande subjectivité et nécessitant un apprentissage, et les méthodes métriques (fonctions discriminantes) qui sont spécifiques aux populations à partir desquelles elles ont été élaborées. La principale limite de ces dernières méthodes en termes de reproductibilité est incarnée par le facteur taille, connu pour être variable d'une population à l'autre. Les récents développements de la morphométrie géométrique ouvrent de nouvelles voies de recherche. Cette étude évalue le degré de dimorphisme sexuel du crâne d'une série de 50 squelettes identifiés (25 hommes et 25 femmes issus de la collection Olivier, MNHN, Paris) par le biais de la morphométrie géométrique. Cette technique autorise une séparation de la taille globale et de la conformation des crânes. Les variations de taille et de conformation ainsi identifiées sont alors statistiquement étudiées et interprétées. Notre échantillon révèle un fort dimorphisme sexuel de taille et un dimorphisme sexuel de conformation plus subtil, notamment dans la région faciale de nos individus. Ces différences entre hommes et femmes se concentrent sur l'os zygomatique, le temporal et la cavité nasale ; elles sont en partie imputables à des phénomènes allométriques et biomécaniques. Les perspectives de tels résultats sont discutées en termes de potentiels pour l'élaboration de méthodes de détermination du sexe à partir du crâne plus fiables. Mots clés Morphométrie géométrique · Dimorphisme sexuel · Crâne · Collection OlivierAbstract The sexual diagnosis based on the skeleton can be performed with visual methods but they appear subjective and require training. Metric methods are also widely used (discriminant functions) but they are known to be specific to the population, which they have been created with. The utmost cause of reproducibility limits inherent to these methods remains the size variable. Recent developments in geometric morphometrics open new research ways. This study evaluates the degree of cranial sexual dimorphism in a 50 identified skeletons sample (25 males and 25 females from the Olivier collection, MNHN, Paris) using geometric morphometrics. These tools allow separating the global size from the cranial shape. The size and shape variables can thus be statistically studied and interpreted. Our sample reveals a strong size-related sexual dimorphism and a more subtle shape-related sexual dimorphism, especially in the face region. These differences between males and females are concentrated in the zygomatic bone, the temporal and the nasal aperture. They can be linked to allometry and ...

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“…All boys had hair that stopped above their ears and all girls had longer hair. Since faces do not become markedly sexually dimorphic until puberty (Samal, Subramani, & Marx, 2007), hair length was likely the most salient cue to the gender of children featured in the photographs. Because we used real photographs of children (rather than computer-generated or manipulated images), Black and White children varied according to skin tone, hair texture, and physiognomy.…”

Section: Overview Of Experiments 1-7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Children's Use of Social Categories in Thinking About People and Social Relationships

Shutts

Roben

Spelke

2013

Journal of Cognition and Development

180

171

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A series of studies investigated White U.S. three- and four-year-old children’s use of gender and race information to reason about their own and others’ relationships and attributes. Three-year-old children used gender- but not race-based similarity between themselves and others to decide with whom they wanted to be friends, as well as to determine which children shared their own preferences for various social activities. Four-year-old (but not younger) children attended to gender and racial category membership to guide inferences about others’ relationships, but did not use these categories to reason about others’ shared activity preferences. Taken together, the findings provide evidence for three suggestions about these children’s social category-based reasoning. First, gender is a more potent category than race. Second, social categories are initially recruited for first-person reasoning, but later become broad enough to support third-person inferences. Finally, at least for third-person reasoning, thinking about social categories is more attuned to social relationships than to shared attributes.

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Analysis of sexual dimorphism in human face

Cited by 63 publications

References 8 publications

Can 3D Shape of the Face Reveal your Age?

Can 3D Shape of the Face Reveal your Age?

Dimorphisme sexuel du crâne de sujets identifiés (collection Olivier, MNHN, Paris): évaluation par morphométrie géométrique

Children's Use of Social Categories in Thinking About People and Social Relationships

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