Analysis of Shield Tunneling Parameters and Research on Prediction Model of Tunneling Excavation Speed in Volcanic Ash Strata of Jakarta–Bandung High-Speed Railway Project

Abstract

Insufficient investigations have been conducted on the analysis of shield tunneling parameters and the prediction of the tunneling excavation speed in formations composed of volcanic ash strata. To address this issue, we employ a comprehensive approach utilizing literature research, mathematical statistics, and other methodologies, centered on the analysis of the No. 1 Tunnel of the Jakarta–Bandung High-Speed Railway. Our focus is on examining the evolution patterns and inter-relationships of shield tunneling parameters within volcanic ash strata. Subsequently, we propose an optimized strategy for these tunneling parameters. By employing six machine-learning algorithms to construct prediction models, we compare and analyze their performance in predicting the tunneling excavation speed. The results indicate a positive correlation between slurry pressure and tunnel depth in volcanic ash strata, suggesting that the grouting pressure should exceed the slurry pressure by approximately 0.22 MPa. In the composite stratum of “volcanic ash debris + round gravel”, the cutter torque exhibits a strong negative correlation with the total thrust (−0.77). Due to tool wear and ground resistance, the excavation speed and cutter speed are weakly negatively correlated. Compared to other strata, shield tunneling in volcanic ash strata exhibits larger grouting pressure fluctuations, slower tunneling excavation speed, greater total thrust, higher cutter torque, and lower cutter speed. Regarding shield tunneling excavation speed prediction, the ranking of the algorithm performance is RF > DNN > ANN > BPNN > MNR > SVM, with RF achieving a decision coefficient of 0.829. The RF model is well-suited for predicting the shield structure tunneling excavation speed.