Analysis of Shock Wave and Initiation Data for Solid Explosives

Ramsay, J.B.; Popolato, A.

doi:10.2172/4618401

Cited by 59 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Thus, the increasing temperature has a stronger effect on the shock sensitivity of C-1 in the γ phase than in the ε phase. The distance to detonation as a function of the initial shock pressure, the Pop-plot [16], can reflect the shock sensitivity of the explosive material to some extent. Hence, a flyer impact simulation model was established to calculate the Pop-plot.…”

Section: Numerical Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-dependent Shock Initiation of CL-20 based High Explosives

Chen

2017

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Abstract:To investigate the effects of temperature on the shock initiation characteristics of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane , shock initiation experiments on heated C-1 explosive (94% epsilon phase CL-20, and 6% binder, by weight) were performed at temperatures of 20 °C, 48 °C, 75 °C, 95 °C, 125 °C, 142 °C, and 175 °C. An explosive driven flyer device was used to initiate the C-1 charges and manganin pressure gauges were embedded in the C-1 specimen to record the pressure changes with time. Our results show that C-1 becomes more sensitive as the temperature is increased from 20 °C to 95 °C. The ε to γ phase transition in CL-20 occurs at 125 °C; C-1 with CL-20 in the γ phase at 142 °C is less shock sensitive than C-1 with CL-20 in the ε phase at 95 °C or 75 °C. Compared with C-1 at 142 °C, C-1 at 175 °C shows a dramatic increase in shock sensitivity. An ignition and growth reactive flow model was used to simulate the shock initiation of C-1 at various temperatures, and the parameters were obtained by fitting the experimental data. With this parameter set, the shock initiation characteristics of C-1 for temperatures between 20 °C and 175 °C can be derived.

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Section: Numerical Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-dependent Shock Initiation of CL-20 based High Explosives

Chen

2017

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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“…In Table 5, we pull together the three sources of pressure data: flyer thresholds [4,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12], calculated run-time values [11,21,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] and the smallest gap test pressures available [15,18]. There are only a few Eglin shots, so we rely for a gap tests almost completely on the NSWC LSGT.…”

Section: Pressure Threshold Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiation Pressure Thresholds from Three Sources

Souers

Vitello

2007

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Pressure thresholds are minimum pressures needed to start explosive initiation that ends in detonation. We obtain pressure thresholds from three sources. Run‐to‐detonation times are the poorest source but the fitting of a function gives rough results. Flyer‐induced initiation gives the best results because the initial conditions are the best known. However, very thick flyers are needed to give the lowest, asymptotic pressure thresholds used in modern models and this kind of data is rarely available. Gap test data are in much larger supply but the various test sizes and materials are confusing. We find that explosive pressures are almost the same if the distance in the gap test spacers are in units of donor explosive radius. Calculated half‐width time pulses in the spacers may be used to create a pressure‐time curve similar to that of the flyers. The very‐large Eglin gap tests give asymptotic thresholds comparable to extrapolated flyer results. The three sources are assembled into a much‐expanded set of near‐asymptotic pressure thresholds. These thresholds vary greatly with density: for TATB/LX‐17/PBX 9502, we find values of 4.9 and 8.7 GPa at 1.80 and 1.90 g/cm3, respectively.

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“…That is, the reaction rate is proportional to the reactant mass fraction and "hot spots," and surface burning phenomena are specifically excluded. The pressure dependence is obtained with reference to the "Pop plot," which represents commonly available sensitivity data for high explosives (run distance to detonation as a function 2 of initial shock pressure) obtained in the "wedge test" (Ramsay and Popolato 1965 …”

Section: Forest Firementioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of the Performance of the Original and Modified Versions of the Forest Fire Explosive Initiation Model

Starkenberg¹

1994

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The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position, unless so designated by other authorized documents.The use of trade names or manufacturers' names in this report does not constitute indorsement of any commercial product. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OBNo. 070"188U,P rge~gb~u o hiciet.'.nfotanatatin i t igmated to average I howr per ruesbcnse. andudang IIItam for refwwflg gfl ctnjaofl. ,wect'ng existing dota souttet. gahun e atietahg the data W1d 4 "dculib~ dO40"am reiuang he= coletnf inforratmatci. Approved for public relase d=istMuto is unlimited. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)The, Forest Fare explosive initiation model is useful because it can be calibrated from readily available sensitivity data However, assumptions used in the Forest Fare derivation limit its accuracy and applicability. Present computations Show that, while Forest Fire adequately predicts run to detonation for sustained-shock loading, it is grossly in erro when applied to pulsed-shock loading. On the otlher hand it exhibits some qualitatively correct results for finite-ratecopssn or ramp-wave loading. Several relatively simple modifications which extend the applicability of Forest Fire have bee developed. These include unproved mixtur modelig, use of a higher order reactive Hugoniot to describe ignition, and incorporation of surface ame burning into the reaction rate model. These modifications signifficantly affect the predicted respons to pulsed-shock loading. Combining surface burning with a quadratic reactive Hugoniot provides a significantly improved represenaton of response to pulsed-shock stimulus.

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Analysis of Shock Wave and Initiation Data for Solid Explosives

Cited by 59 publications

References 1 publication

Temperature-dependent Shock Initiation of CL-20 based High Explosives

Temperature-dependent Shock Initiation of CL-20 based High Explosives

Initiation Pressure Thresholds from Three Sources

An Assessment of the Performance of the Original and Modified Versions of the Forest Fire Explosive Initiation Model

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