Analysis of short-chain fatty acids in human feces: A scoping review

Primec, Maša; Mičetić-Turk, Dušanka; Langerholc, Tomaž

doi:10.1016/j.ab.2017.03.007

Cited by 132 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…In this context, it is important to note that most of the recent works regarding microbial-derived SCFA, mainly in human studies, use fecal concentrations as a proxy of the production in the colon (17,19,29,(33)(34)(35)(36)(37). Although it represents a valid approach, there are many potential sources of bias, such as intestinal transit and permeability, metabolite transportation, and sample handling (77). Thus, these drawbacks must be taken into account when concluding the effects of administered SCFAs, given that some experiments might be conducted under non-physiological conditions.…”

Section: Metabolism and Peripheral Effects Of Scfasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication

2020

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A substantial body of evidence supports that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the regulation of metabolic, endocrine and immune functions. In recent years, there has been growing recognition of the involvement of the gut microbiota in the modulation of multiple neurochemical pathways through the highly interconnected gut-brain axis. Although amazing scientific breakthroughs over the last few years have expanded our knowledge on the communication between microbes and their hosts, the underpinnings of microbiota-gut-brain crosstalk remain to be determined. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the main metabolites produced in the colon by bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers and resistant starch, are speculated to play a key role in neuro-immunoendocrine regulation. However, the underlying mechanisms through which SCFAs might influence brain physiology and behavior have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we outline the current knowledge about the involvement of SCFAs in microbiota-gut-brain interactions. We also highlight how the development of future treatments for central nervous system (CNS) disorders can take advantage of the intimate and mutual interactions of the gut microbiota with the brain by exploring the role of SCFAs in the regulation of neuro-immunoendocrine function.

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Section: Metabolism and Peripheral Effects Of Scfasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication

2020

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“…SCFAs and most MCFAs contribute relatively little to the overall fat content of HM, and especially SCFAs are seldomly reported in the included studies. Only one of the included studies reported SCFA butyric acid (C4:0) in term HM, possibly because in other studies analytical methods to measure HMFAs may not adapted to measure these highly volatile FA methyl esters [54,55].…”

Section: Short-and Medium-chain Famentioning

confidence: 99%

Human milk fatty acid profile across lactational stages after term and preterm delivery: A pooled data analysis

Floris

Stahl

Abrahamse‐Berkeveld

et al. 2020

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

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Background: Lipids in human milk (HM) provide the majority of energy for developing infants, as well as crucial essential fatty acids (FA). The FA composition of HM is highly variable and influenced by multiple factors. We sought to increase understanding of the variation in HMFA profiles and their development over the course of lactation, and after term and preterm delivery, using a pooled data analysis. Objective: To review the literature and perform a pooled data analysis to qualitatively describe an extensive FA profile (36 FAs) in term and preterm colostrum, transitional -and mature milk up to 60 days postpartum. Design: A Medline search was conducted for HMFA profile data following term or preterm delivery. The search was confined to English language papers published between January 1980 and August 2018. Studies reporting original data, extensive FA profiles in HM from healthy mothers were included. Weighted least squares (WLS) means were calculated from the pooled data using random or fixed effect models. Results: Our pooled data analysis included data from 55 studies worldwide, for a total of 4374 term milk samples and 1017 preterm milk samples, providing WLS means for 36 FAs. Patterns in both term and preterm milk were apparent throughout lactation for some FAs: The most abundant FAs (palmitic, linoleic and oleic acid) remained stable over time, whereas several long-chain polyunsaturated FAs (including ARA and DHA) seemed to decrease and short-and medium-chain FAs increased over time.Conclusions: High heterogeneity between individual studies was observed for the reported levels of some FAs, whereas other FAs were remarkably consistent between studies. Our pooled data suggests that specific FA categories fluctuate according to distinct patterns over the course of lactation; many of these patterns are comparable between term and preterm milk.

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“…Acetic and propionic acids are mainly absorbed from the colonic lumen, while butyric acid is the substrate of colonocytes. Inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, cancer, and other pathologies are strictly related to SCFAs production [28].…”

Section: Functions Of Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutual Interactions among Exercise, Sport Supplements and Microbiota

et al. 2019

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The adult gut microbiota contains trillions of microorganisms of thousands of different species. Only one third of gut microbiota are common to most people; the rest are specific and contribute to enhancing genetic variation. Gut microorganisms significantly affect host nutrition, metabolic function, immune system, and redox levels, and may be modulated by several environmental conditions, including physical activity and exercise. Microbiota also act like an endocrine organ and is sensitive to the homeostatic and physiological changes associated with training; in turn, exercise has been demonstrated to increase microbiota diversity, consequently improving the metabolic profile and immunological responses. On the other side, adaptation to exercise might be influenced by the individual gut microbiota that regulates the energetic balance and participates to the control of inflammatory, redox, and hydration status. Intense endurance exercise causes physiological and biochemical demands, and requires adequate measures to counteract oxidative stress, intestinal permeability, electrolyte imbalance, glycogen depletion, frequent upper respiratory tract infections, systemic inflammation and immune responses. Microbiota could be an important tool to improve overall general health, performance, and energy availability while controlling inflammation and redox levels in endurance athletes. The relationship among gut microbiota, general health, training adaptation and performance, along with a focus on sport supplements which are known to exert some influence on the microbiota, will be discussed.

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Analysis of short-chain fatty acids in human feces: A scoping review

Cited by 132 publications

References 171 publications

The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication

The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication

Human milk fatty acid profile across lactational stages after term and preterm delivery: A pooled data analysis

Mutual Interactions among Exercise, Sport Supplements and Microbiota

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