Analysis of side effects of calcium antagonists and determination of ways to minimize them

Abstract


 
 
 
 
 
 According to the World Health Organization, the development of side effects (SE) of drugs is one of the serious medical problems. The relevance of this problem is proven by numerous statistical data obtained in different countries of the world.
 The aim of the study – to analyze the SE of calcium antagonists (CA) in Kharkiv and Kharkiv region for the period of 2017–2021 and to provide recommendations for their minimizations, to conduct an analysis of the assortment on the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market, an analysis of the evidence base and clinical effectiveness of CA.
 The work used methods of passive pharmacovigilance, namely the method of spontaneous reports, as well as the method of a systematic approach and systematic analysis. To analyze the clinical effectiveness and conditions of rational use of calcium antagonists, well-known databases were used: Cochrane Library, Trip Database, and PubMed. These databases contain systematized primary or secondary information on a specific clinical issue: the effectiveness and safety of various medical technologies.
 
 
 
 It was shown that the range of calcium channel blockers on the modern pharmaceutical market of Ukraine is quite wide. Dihydropyridine derivatives predominate, namely, amlodipine drugs, predominate among the registered medicines of this group. However, there are only 6 drugs of phenylalkylamine and benzothiazepine derivatives.
 The results obtained of the conducted studies and data from the literature showed that the most frequent side effects of CA are edema of the lower extremities and reflex tachyarrhythmia. According to the analyzed results of systematic reviews, three main directions of increasing the safety level of CA have been established. The first is related to the use of stereoisomers. The second direction is the use of drugs of the latest generation. A promising direction is also the combination of CA with antihypertensive drugs of other pharmacological groups.
 The results obtained can be used by practicing doctors and health care organizers to optimize the pharmacotherapy of cardiovascular diseases.