Analysis of signal content of Purkinje cell responses to optokinetic stimuli in the rabbit cerebellar flocculus by selective lesions of brainstem pathways

Miyashita, Yasushi; Nagao, S

doi:10.1016/s0168-0102(84)80002-4

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…We recorded the extracellular unit activity from a PN in the H zone of flocculus during OKR. The firing rate of SS was increased during ipsilaterally directed (toward the PN recording side) screen movement and decreased during contralaterally directed movement in both WT and δ2–/–, whereas that of CS was modulated in the reciprocal manner as reported previously in mice and other animal species (Figs 2 and 3) (Miyashita & Nagao, 1984; Graf et al ., 1988; Stone & Lisberger, 1990; Goossens et al ., 2004). SS firing rate was approximately in phase with the ipsilaterally directed screen velocity (i.e.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Increased occurrence of climbing fiber inputs to the cerebellar flocculus in a mutant mouse is correlated with the timing delay of optokinetic response

Yoshida

Funabiki

Hirano

2007

Eur J of Neuroscience

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The cerebellum plays an essential role in motor control, and its dysfunction may delay the onset of action and disrupt smooth and efficient movement. A Purkinje neuron (PN), the sole output cell type in the cerebellar cortex, receives two distinct types of excitatory synaptic inputs, numerous weak inputs from granule neurons (GNs) and occasional strong inputs from a climbing fiber (CF). The role of each input and the significance of low firing rate of CF have been studied. Here we show that the increased occurrence of CF inputs altered the firing pattern of a PN, which was correlated with timing of a reflex. We used the mutant mice deficient in the glutamate receptor delta2 subunit, a molecule related to ionotropic glutamate receptor specifically expressed at GN-PN synapses. The mutant mouse shows more frequent CF inputs and longer timing delay in optokinetic response (OKR), reflex eye movement that follows slow motion of a large visual field. A PN shows two types of action potentials: complex spikes (CS) induced by CF inputs; and simple spikes. They changed respective firing rates during sinusoidal optokinetic stimulation, and the timing of each firing rate modulation was similar in wild-type and mutant mice. However, increased occurrence of CS in the mutant altered the total firing pattern of a PN in the flocculus, which was correlated with the timing delay of OKR. These results support the functional merit of low firing rate of CF in motor control.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Increased occurrence of climbing fiber inputs to the cerebellar flocculus in a mutant mouse is correlated with the timing delay of optokinetic response

Yoshida

Funabiki

Hirano

2007

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…Barmack & Simpson (1980) have found, in rabbits, that after lesion of the dorsal cap of the inferior olive low-velocity optokinetic responses were impaired. However, interruption of the visual pathway to the inferior olive of the rabbit has been reported to lead to no change in gain or phase of optokinetic responses induced by a slowly moving slit light (Miyashita & Nagao, 1984). On the other hand, in the cat, no changes in the optokinetic responses were observed after dorsal cap lesion (Haddad et al 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These studies have indicated that following lesion or inactivation of the inferior olive, there is an impairment in precise performance of movements, in motor reflex activity and in postural tone. Similar lesion or inactivation experiments have been performed to study the effects of climbing fibre deafferentation on oculomotor behaviour in the rabbit (Ito & Miyashita, 1975;Barmack & Simpson, 1980;Miyashita & Nagao, 1984) and in the cat (Haddad, Demer & Robinson, 1980;Demer & Robinson, 1982). Most of these studies are 350 EYE MOVEMENTS AND INFERIOR OLIVE LESION dealing with the role of visual climbing fibre activity for visual modification of the vestibulo-ocular reflex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic characteristics of optokinetically controlled eye movements following inferior olive lesions in the brown rat.

Hess

Savio

Strata

1988

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The inferior olive was destroyed by the drug 3-acetylpyridine in brown rats. Spontaneous and optokinetic eye movements in response to constant-velocity rotation (5-80 deg/s) or sinusoidal oscillations (0-05 and 0.1 Hz with 15 deg/s peak velocity and 0 3, 0 5, 1P0 and 2 Hz with 5 deg/s peak velocity) of the visual surround were recorded 4-6 days, 40-50 days and 3-4 months after the lesion using the magnetic search coil technique.2. Persistent oculomotor deficits were observed in rats with a lesion of more than 97 % of inferior olive neurones. In cases with a less complete lesion, no or only transient deficits were observed. In these latter cases the bulk of surviving neurones was located in the caudal half of the inferior olive, which includes the dorsal cap of Kooy.3. Eye position holding after saccadic gaze shifts in the light was strongly deficient, showing pronounced postsaccadic centripetal drift for several hundred milliseconds. Similar deficits were observed in slow-phase components following quick phases of optokinetic nystagmus. In the dark, eye position holding was also deficient.4. Closed-loop gains of optokinetic step responses obtained from rats with inferior olive lesions could be as good as those obtained from control animals. There was, however, a trend towards smaller gain values over the range of stimulus velocities tested. The duration of optokinetic after-nystagmus was not changed.5. The initial fast rise of slow-phase velocity of optokinetic step responses was reduced by about 30-50 %, showing no recovery in the follow-up experiments up to 3-4 months after the lesion.6. Optokinetic responses to sinusoidal oscillations of the visual surround exhibited an increasing drop in gain for frequencies between 0-1 to 0 5 Hz. In the range of 0-5-2-0 Hz gain was only about 0-2 compared to 0 7-0-8 in control animals. Phase lag of sinusoidal responses was shifted to larger values by about 25-35 dog for t Present address:

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“…Inputs from the NRTP to the FL may mediate optokinetic signals during horizontal optokinetic eye movement responses (OKR) in the afoveated animals. Lesion of the NRTP or FL markedly depresses the horizontal OKR gain in rabbits (Nagao, 1983;Miyashita and Nagao, 1984). Neurons in the NRTP exhibit responses to the optokinetic stimulation in rabbits (Kano et al, 1991) and monkeys (Crandall and Keller, 1985).…”

Section: Nucleus Reticularis Tegmenti Pontismentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences of the primate flocculus and ventral paraflocculus in the mossy and climbing fiber input organization

Nagao

Kitamura²,

Nakamura

et al. 1997

J. Comp. Neurol.

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Potential sources of cerebellar cortical afferent fibers were identified in the vestibular ganglion, medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellar nucleus of seven anesthetized Macaca fuscata after local injections of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase or Fast Blue into the flocculus (FL) or ventral paraflocculus (VP). There were differences in the sources of mossy fibers to the FL and VP. Labeled neurons, after injections into the FL, were located mainly in the ipsilateral vestibular ganglion, bilaterally in the vestibular and prepositus hypoglossal nuclei, nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, and the central part of the mesencephalic reticular formation including the raphe nuclei. Labeled neurons were rarely seen in the pontine nuclei after injections into the FL. By contrast, after injections into the VP, numerous labeled neurons were located in the contralateral pontine nuclei, but relatively few in the vestibular nuclei bilaterally. Sources of climbing fibers to the FL and VP were completely contralateral to the injection side. After the injection into the FL and VP, labeled neurons were located in the dorsal cap, ventrolateral outgrowth, and ventral part of the medial accessory olivary nucleus. The projections from these three olivary areas were generally consistent with a zonal pattern of terminations in the FL and VP. The present results are consistent with a hypothesis that the FL is mainly involved in the control of vestibulo-ocular reflex and that the VP is mainly involved in the control of smooth pursuit eye movements.

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Analysis of signal content of Purkinje cell responses to optokinetic stimuli in the rabbit cerebellar flocculus by selective lesions of brainstem pathways

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Increased occurrence of climbing fiber inputs to the cerebellar flocculus in a mutant mouse is correlated with the timing delay of optokinetic response

Increased occurrence of climbing fiber inputs to the cerebellar flocculus in a mutant mouse is correlated with the timing delay of optokinetic response

Dynamic characteristics of optokinetically controlled eye movements following inferior olive lesions in the brown rat.

Differences of the primate flocculus and ventral paraflocculus in the mossy and climbing fiber input organization

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