The dynamic mechanical properties of metallic materials have been extensively investigated at the macro-scale in terms of deformation mechanisms, strain rate strengthening, and fracture mechanisms. However, the dynamic mechanical properties affected by size effects at micro/meso-scales have rarely been investigated. To explore the size effects on the dynamic mechanical properties at micro/meso-scales, the experiments of quasi-static compression and SHPB were carried out using oxygen-free, high-conductivity (OFHC) copper with different geometrical and grain sizes. The experimental results show that the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of OFHC copper are affected by size effects at micro/meso-scales. In particular, OFHC copper exhibits strain rate strengthening effects at the micro/meso-scales, and the presence of micro-cracks was observed in the SHPB experimental specimens. The J-C constitutive model based on the surface layer model is proposed and the analysis of the average relative error of the modified model and the original constitutive model is performed. Finite element analysis was carried out based on the modified J-C model and the original model, and the results show that the modified J-C model was in good agreement with the experimental results.