Analysis of solder joint degradation and output power drop in silicon photovoltaic modules for reliability improvement

Rabelo, Matheus; Zahid, Muhammad Aleem; Agrawal, Khushabu; Kim, Kyung-Soo; Cho, Eun‐Chel; Yi, Junsin

doi:10.1016/j.microrel.2021.114399

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Analytical models facilitate the study of particular degradation modes like PID and prediction of lifetimes under diverse conditions [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. However, models are often constrained to specific parameters, limiting applicability across different environments and technologies [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bypass diodes in junction boxes limit reverse voltage and temperature in shaded cells [8,25,27,34]. IR analysis of temperature distribution and dust buildup can inform effective cleaning mechanisms [42].IR thermography is a crucial tool for early hotspot detection, which allows preventing permanent damage and power losses from cell overheating [36]. IR imaging further enables assessing dust accumulation impacts and developing optimized cleaning strategies [42].…”

Section: Infrared Thermography or Infrared Imaging (Ir) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IR analysis of temperature distribution and dust buildup can inform effective cleaning mechanisms [42].IR thermography is a crucial tool for early hotspot detection, which allows preventing permanent damage and power losses from cell overheating [36]. IR imaging further enables assessing dust accumulation impacts and developing optimized cleaning strategies [42]. Accounting for hotspots via IR is vital for PV system performance and reliability.…”

Section: Infrared Thermography or Infrared Imaging (Ir) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding Photovoltaic Module Degradation: An Overview of Critical Factors, Models, and Reliability Enhancement Methods

Diallo,

Melhaoui,

Rafi

et al. 2023

E3S Web of Conf.

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Photovoltaic (PV) modules, though reputed for reliability and long lifespans of 25-30 years, commonly experience gradual performance degradation influenced by varying environmental factors. This literature review explores the degradation of PV modules through in-depth analysis of failure modes, characterization techniques, analytical models, and mitigation strategies. A range of failure modes seen in PV modules are discussed, including interconnect breakage, cell cracks, metallization corrosion, delamination, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) discoloration, Potential-Induced Degradation (PID), Light-Induced Degradation (LID), and other. Environmental stresses like temperature, humidity, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and dust accumulation play significant roles in accelerating almost all degradation modes. Dust is a crucial factor in Middle East/North Africa (MENA) regions. Studying degradation modes under real-world conditions remains challenging, requiring extensive field testing to examine defect frequency, evolution rate, and impacts on energy production. PID is a major degradation mode requiring modeling and correction techniques to improve PV efficiency and lifespan. However, PID models are often limited to specific conditions, posing applicability challenges. Characterization methods like visual inspection, current-voltage (I-V),various imaging methods, and resonance ultrasonic vibrations (RUV) enable effective evaluation of degradation effects on module properties. Analytical models facilitate study of particular degradation modes and prediction of lifetimes under diverse conditions. Key factors influencing PV degradation include weather variations, materials quality, design parameters, PID, and hot spots. Protective coatings, encapsulation improvements, and module cleaning help mitigate degradation and prolong lifespan. A comprehensive understanding of mechanisms through integrated experimentation and modeling is critical for performance improvements. By reviewing major degradation phenomena, characterization techniques, analytical models, and mitigation strategies, this study promotes PV durability and sustainability. Significant knowledge gaps persist regarding module behavior under varied climate conditions and synergistic effects between different degradation mechanisms. Extensive field testing across diverse environments paired with advanced multiphysics modeling can provide valuable insights to guide technological enhancements for robust, long-lasting PV systems worldwide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Infrared Thermography or Infrared Imaging (Ir) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Infrared Thermography or Infrared Imaging (Ir) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding Photovoltaic Module Degradation: An Overview of Critical Factors, Models, and Reliability Enhancement Methods

Diallo,

Melhaoui,

Rafi

et al. 2023

E3S Web of Conf.

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show abstract

“…Ref. [31] used a new method for controlling the microgrid frequency with a drop control in a photovoltaic converter and battery, in which a low-voltage microgrid is considered to be multiple virtual microgrids. This strategy has improved the finetuning of the microgrid frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient PID Control Design for Frequency Regulation in an Independent Microgrid Based on the Hybrid PSO-GSA Algorithm

et al. 2022

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Microgrids are a part of the power system that consists of one or more units of distributed generation and are expected to remain in operation after being disconnected from the system. Since they rely on overlying networks, frequency control is very important for network-independent operation. Some of the most common problems in independently operating microgrids are frequency sustainability and its fluctuations. The main purpose of this study is to control the frequency of a microgrid in island mode in different scenarios. The objective function is defined based on time and changes in the system frequency. Thus, the variable parameters of the PID controller are transformed into an optimization problem and are solved through the hybrid PSO-GSA algorithm. The study considers four scenarios: (a) a microgrid dynamic model and optimal PID controller coefficients; (b) variable velocity disturbance applied to the studied system in order to observe power changes and the microgrid frequency; (c) stepped load changes applied to the studied system; and (d) the proposed methods on the standard test function. Simulations under different operating conditions are performed, indicating improvements in the stability of microgrid frequency fluctuations by means of the proposed control method.

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Insights into relationship between mechanical behavior and microstructure evolution of Sn-1.0Ag-0.5Cu-GNSs/Cu joint during thermal cycling

Huang²,

et al. 2023

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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Analysis of solder joint degradation and output power drop in silicon photovoltaic modules for reliability improvement

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Understanding Photovoltaic Module Degradation: An Overview of Critical Factors, Models, and Reliability Enhancement Methods

Understanding Photovoltaic Module Degradation: An Overview of Critical Factors, Models, and Reliability Enhancement Methods

Efficient PID Control Design for Frequency Regulation in an Independent Microgrid Based on the Hybrid PSO-GSA Algorithm

Insights into relationship between mechanical behavior and microstructure evolution of Sn-1.0Ag-0.5Cu-GNSs/Cu joint during thermal cycling

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