Analysis of solid waste composition and its treatment potentials in University of Nigeria Enugu State, Nigeria.

Abstract

The aim of the study is to determine the quantity, composition and treatment potentials of solid waste generated in University of Nigeria Nsukka campus. To achieve these, solid waste was sampled for 1 week from Nine (9) academic buildings, sixty-two (62) academic departments administrative offices, eight (8) corridors, and three (3) cafeterias giving a total of 82 waste sampling points. In total, 4821.1kg/week of waste were separated at University of Nigeria. The total quantity of solid waste at collection points were buildings (1034.9 kg/week), corridor (910.7 kg/week), cafeteria (502.5kg/week) and departmental offices (2373 kg/week). The mean quantities of waste generated at collection points were 114.99kg/week, 113.84kg/week, 167.57kg/week and 38.27kg/week for building, corridors, cafeteria and departmental offices respectively. This shows that on the average that the highest quantity of waste is generated from cafeteria. The weighted average amount of solid waste generated in University of Nigeria Nsukka Campus per sampling point is 58.79kg/week. The weighted average percentage of the waste fractions for university of Nigeria Nsukka Campus is 37.66%, 20.23%, 6.65%, 24.86%, 3.33% and 7.28% for paper, plastic, metal, organic, glass and others respectively. The waste fractions are generated in a decreasing order as follows: paper (37.66%), organic (24.86%), plastic (20.23%). metal (6.65%), others (7.28%) and glass (3.33%). The estimated waste generation rate for the university campus was 0.019kg/capita/day from the four sources analyzed based on current student population of 36000 and weekly generation of 4821.1kg. 28.35% of the waste is compostable while 64.49 % is recyclable and these sums up to 92.84% indicating that only a small proportion that is 7.16% of generated waste which can neither be composted or recycled will be diverted to landfill. Therefore, recovery of resources and recycling call for segregation of waste at the source, through providing separate waste containers for different waste types.

Nigeria in ECOWAS Politics: Major Contributions, Dividends and Setbacks

“…The Abidjan Treaty (the Protocol agreement was written in 1970) that successfully established CEAO was signed in April 1973. The CEAO states had been members of the Union douaniere des Etats de I’Afrique de I’ouest (UDEAO) established in 1959 and reformed in 1966 (Nwoke 2005; Saliu and Oshewolo 2018).…”

“…The resoluteness of General Gowon to continue with the integration agenda notwithstanding, one cannot just discard the reservations of the anti-integrationists. Their arguments were that: (a) there were dangers of Nigeria becoming the paymaster of others’ economic development at the expense of Nigerians; (b) Nigeria’s oil wealth would have to be shared with regional partners to the advantage of foreign enterprises in those countries; (c) Nigeria’s large market did not need regional expansion for large-scale industrialisation; and (d) Nigeria was unlikely to gain from integration on account of meagre intra-regional trade and competitive export goods (Nwoke 2005, 118).…”

“…Professor Adebayo Adedeji, Nigeria’s commissioner for economic development and reconstruction at the time, provided a profound argument supporting the creation of ECOWAS. His argument was that ‘long term economic and political gains rather than short term costs and sacrifices should be Nigeria’s primary consideration for supporting regional integration’ (Nwoke 2005, 118). This position resonates with the thinking that regional integration could bring tangible benefits in the long term (Kugiel et al 2013).…”

“…There was the need to re-engage the Francophone neighbours to ensure that Nigeria’s interests in West Africa were better served and protected in the post-civil war era. The Nigerian foreign policy actors and pro-integrationists were of the view that a West African regional organisation would increase the bargaining power of Nigeria and the region against Europe and the other members of the international community (Fawole 2014; Nwoke 2005). Nigeria was trying to use regional integration to project its leadership role in West Africa to the world.…”

“…Mauritania announced its withdrawal from the organisation in December 1999 (Oche 2010). The organisation's institutions include the Authority of Heads of State and Government, the Council of Ministers, the Community Parliament, the Economic and Social Council, the Community Court of Justice, the Executive Secretariat (now Commission), the ECOWAS Bank for Investment and Development (EBID) and Specialised Technical Commissions (Nwoke 2005).…”