Analysis of stage-specific expression of the toll-like receptor family in the porcine endometrium throughout the estrous cycle and pregnancy

Yoo, Inkyu; Han, Jisoo; Lee, Soohyung; Jung, Wonchul; Kim, Ji Hoon; Kim, Yeun Wook; Kim, Hyun Jong; Hong, Minsun; Ka, Hakhyun

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.11.003

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Furthermore, 250 ng of purified RNA was used as the template for cDNA synthesis, as previously described [ 36 ]. Gene expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR, using primer sets reported in Table S2 [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Real-time PCR amplification was performed in a CFX96 Real-Time System after the reverse transcription step, with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as a reference gene [ 35 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Toll-Like Receptor 2: Polarization of Porcine Macrophages by a Mycoplasma-Derived Pam2cys Lipopeptide

et al. 2021

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Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligands are attracting increasing attention as prophylactic and immunotherapeutic agents against pathogens and tumors. We previously observed that a synthetic diacylated lipopeptide based on a surface protein of Mycoplasma agalactiae (Mag-Pam2Cys) strongly activated innate immune cells, including porcine monocyte-derived macrophages (moMΦ). In this study, we utilized confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, multiplex cytokine ELISA, and RT-qPCR to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the effects of scalar doses of Mag-Pam2Cys on porcine moMΦ. We observed enhanced expression of activation markers (MHC class I, MHC class II DR, CD25), increased phagocytotic activity, and release of IL-12 and proinflammatory cytokines. Mag-Pam2Cys also upregulated the gene expression of several IFN-α subtypes, p65, NOS2, and molecules with antimicrobial activities (CD14, beta defensin 1). Overall, our data showed that Mag-Pam2Cys polarized porcine macrophages towards a proinflammatory antimicrobial phenotype. However, Mag-Pam2Cys downregulated the expression of IFN-α3, six TLRs (TLR3, -4, -5, -7, -8, -9), and did not interfere with macrophage polarization induced by the immunosuppressive IL-10, suggesting that the inflammatory activity evoked by Mag-Pam2Cys could be regulated to avoid potentially harmful consequences. We hope that our in vitro results will lay the foundation for the further evaluation of this diacylated lipopeptide as an immunopotentiator in vivo.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Toll-Like Receptor 2: Polarization of Porcine Macrophages by a Mycoplasma-Derived Pam2cys Lipopeptide

et al. 2021

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“…TLR2 is involved in initiating the innate immune response and maintaining the intact placental barrier in placental antiparasitic defenses (Castillo et al 2017). The mRNA expression of TLR2 in the endometrium is increased in a pregnancy stage-dependent manner in pigs (Yoo et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that the concentration of progesterone is increased during the first three weeks of pregnancy in ewes (Roman-Ponce et al 1983). There is an increase in the mRNA expression of TLR5 in the porcine endometrium with increasing doses of progesterone during mid-to-late pregnancy (Yoo et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The early stage of pregnancy modulates toll-like receptor signaling in the ovine liver

Gao

Cai

Han

et al. 2021

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) participate in maternal immune regulation at multiple maternal-fetal interfaces. The liver is crucial for innate and adaptive immunity during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to measure the expression of genes and proteins related to TLR signaling. In this study, livers were obtained from ewes on day 16 of the estrous cycle, and on days 13, 16 and 25 of gestation, and RT-qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were employed to measure the expression of genes and proteins related to TLR signaling, including TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, TLR9, myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and interleukin-1receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1). Our data showed that the expression levels of TLR2, TLR3, TLR5, TLR9 and TRAF6 were increased, but those of TLR4 and TLR7 were decreased in the liver during early pregnancy. In addition, the expression levels of MyD88 and IRAK1 were the highest on days 13 and 16 of pregnancy, respectively, and the MyD88 protein was located in endothelial cells of proper hepatic arteries and portal veins and in hepatocytes. In conclusion, early pregnancy modulates TLR signaling in the maternal liver in sheep, which may participate in maternal immune regulation.

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“…TLR5 is necessary for flagellin-specific adaptive immunity through improving the presentation of peptides to flagellin-specific CD4 + T cells (Letran et al, 2011). Expression of TLR5 mRNA in the endometrium is upregulated with increasing doses of P4 at mid-to late pregnancy in pigs (Yoo et al, 2019). It is known that there are low level of estradiol and high level of P4 during early pregnancy, and PAGs levels are increased from day 20 of pregnancy in ewes (Karen et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early pregnancy affects expression of Toll-like receptor signaling members in ovine spleen

et al. 2021

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved to the maternal immune tolerance. The spleen is essential for adaptive immune reactions. However, it is unclear that early pregnancy regulates TLR-mediated signalings in the maternal spleen. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of early pregnancy on expression of TLR signaling members in the ovine spleen. Ovine spleens were collected at day 16 of the estrous cycle, and at days 13, 16 and 25 of pregnancy (n = 6 for each group). Real-time quantitative PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to detect TLR signaling members, including TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, TLR9, myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and interleukin-1-receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1). The results showed that expression levels of TLR2, TLR4 and IRAK1 were downregulated, but expression levels of TLR3, TLR5, TLR7, TLR9, TRAF6 and MyD88 were increased during early pregnancy. In addition, MyD88 protein was located in the capsule, trabeculae and splenic cords of the maternal spleen. This paper reports for the first time that early pregnancy has effects on TLR signaling pathways in the ovine spleen, which is beneficial for understanding the maternal immune tolerance during early pregnancy.

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Analysis of stage-specific expression of the toll-like receptor family in the porcine endometrium throughout the estrous cycle and pregnancy

Cited by 17 publications

References 55 publications

Targeting Toll-Like Receptor 2: Polarization of Porcine Macrophages by a Mycoplasma-Derived Pam2cys Lipopeptide

Targeting Toll-Like Receptor 2: Polarization of Porcine Macrophages by a Mycoplasma-Derived Pam2cys Lipopeptide

The early stage of pregnancy modulates toll-like receptor signaling in the ovine liver

Early pregnancy affects expression of Toll-like receptor signaling members in ovine spleen

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