Analysis of suitability ranges of high temperature heat pump working fluids

Frate, Guido Francesco; Ferrari, Lorenzo; Desideri, Umberto

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.01.034

Cited by 92 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Viable options for natural fluids are some hydrocarbons, ammonia, and carbon dioxide; however, flammability, toxicity, corrosive properties, and highpressure requirement must be considered in the design phase [6]. HPs with hydrocarbons and ammonia are considered commercially available, with performance similar to a heat pump using HFCs, while carbon dioxide are still at lower Technology Readiness Level [7] and will be not addressed in this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Analysis of Power-to-Heat Systems

et al. 2021

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The heating and cooling sector, responsible for a large fraction of greenhouse emissions, may have a large scale impact on the energy system evolution contributing to smart industrial and domestic electrification; at the same time the recent increase of renewable energy sources installation, posing a threat in terms of grid stability, makes available a considerable amount of clean and cheap electrical energy during peak hours production. Power to heat technologies constitute a promising solution to face both these issues reducing the electric demand variability and decarbonizing the heat production. Large vapor compression heat pumps are a reliable technology able to compete, under the economic point of view, with the heat-only-boilers in order to serve district heating networks. Performance and economic profitability of a compression cycle is strongly dependent on available thermal source and the temperature of water delivered to the network. The present work explores and compares performance and economic indicators under different installation conditions, considering compression heat pumps employing four different fluids: a traditional HCF (R134a) and three natural fluids, ammonia (R717), butane (R600), and propane (R290), often preferred nowadays to HCFs due to the lower global warming potential.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Analysis of Power-to-Heat Systems

et al. 2021

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“…In this version of the HeatPack software, we proposed five working fluids: the typically used working fluid (HFC-245fa), two synthetic refrigerants (HFO-1336mzz(Z) and HCFO-1233zd(E)) and two natural fluids (butane and pentane). However, more pure working fluids have been recently proposed (Frate, Ferrari & Desideri, 2019), even though they perform worse than the refrigerants included in this software. However, the user should be able to check by himself/herself the potential of each refrigerant.…”

Section: Additional Working Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-temperature heat pump simulator (heatpack) for application in computer laboratory sessions for engineering students

Mota-Babiloni

Mateu-Royo

Navarro-Esbrí

et al. 2021

J. Technol. Sci. Educ.

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A significant amount of energy in the form of heat is lost in industrial processes once it is used in specific processes. Among different technologies, high-temperature heat pumps (HTHP) are a valuable method of recovering low-temperature waste heat in the industry in a very efficient way that can be activated using clean electricity. As a recently investigated technology, they are not yet spread in industrial processes, where traditional technologies are preferred. Therefore, this work shows an HTHP computer program (named HeatPack) to be used as a simulator by the university or technical students of courses included in the area of applied thermodynamics engineering. This interactive and user-friendly platform allows the modification of different operating and design parameters and the working fluid. As outputs, the program provides the rest of the operating parameters and the energy performance of the cycle (quantified by the coefficient of performance, COP). A comparison between the proposed HTHP and a gas boiler is also performed by the program and the energetic, environmental, and economic savings are displayed. Students, as the main target of users of the program, can observe how this technology can provide very relevant emission reductions in comparison with fossil fuel-based boilers, under which situation the energy performance of the HTHP is higher, and which alternative low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants can provide more advantages. In addition to the educational use, this software can be used to design and study the integration of HTHPs in existing industrial needs to evaluate the feasibility.

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“…For example, T max,hp sets the maximum compressor discharge temperature to 180 • C because lubricant oil degradation may occur at higher temperatures (Jensen et al, 2015;Ommen et al, 2015), although oil-free compressors could be used. In this case, the maximum compressor discharge temperature could reach 200 • C since several HT-VCHP working fluids start to decompose over such temperatures (Frate et al, 2019a).…”

Section: Modeling Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HT-VCHP and ORC performance and cost are deeply affected by the working fluid choice (Chen et al, 2010;Arpagaus et al, 2018;Frate et al, 2019a). This is reflected on the TI-PTES, whose performance is affected by the working fluid pair combination (Frate et al, 2017a(Frate et al, ,b, 2020.…”

Section: Ht-vchp and Orc Working Fluid Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a matter of fact, HT-VCHP cost is strongly affected by the compressor cost, which mostly depends on the refrigerant volumetric flow rates. According to Arpagaus et al (2018) and Frate et al (2019a), R1233zd(E) is characterized by a good compromise between the HP coefficient of performance (COP) and low volumetric flow rates. Therefore, R1233zd(E) is not only a good fluid from a thermodynamic standpoint but may also limit the equipment cost if compared to other fluids.…”

Section: Ht-vchp and Orc Working Fluid Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Criteria Economic Analysis of a Pumped Thermal Electricity Storage (PTES) With Thermal Integration

2020

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The interest toward large-scale electric energy storage technologies is increasing with the large deployment of new renewable capacity. In case of several hours of storage duration, there is no consensus on which technology is the most suited. Several technologies have been recently proposed, among which is pumped thermal electricity storage (PTES), which is a technology based on the idea of storing electrical energy as heat. PTES is usually less efficient than electrochemical batteries, but it is characterized by a lower cost per kilowatt hour, which could make it a suitable alternative for applications with long storage duration. In this study, a recently proposed PTES system based on the use of heat pumps and organic Rankine cycles is investigated from a thermo-economic point of view. The system is powered by both electric and low-grade thermal energy, thus taking advantage of waste heat to increase the electric performance. As the system design both affects efficiency and cost, a trade-off must be found. In this study, this task was performed by means of a multi-objective optimization approach. The relation between electrical round-trip efficiency and system cost is analyzed, and the impact of several design specifications such as boundary conditions, nominal power rating, and storage duration is discussed. Finally, the results are generalized by defining some cost scaling correlations. Large-size configurations (5 MW of charging power for 8 h of storage) may achieve equipment purchasing costs as low as 140 e/kWh and 2,300 e/kW, with an electrical round-trip efficiency of 0.6. These results show that the investigated technology may be suitable in the context of large-scale and long-duration energy storage.

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Analysis of suitability ranges of high temperature heat pump working fluids

Cited by 92 publications

References 47 publications

Techno-Economic Analysis of Power-to-Heat Systems

Techno-Economic Analysis of Power-to-Heat Systems

High-temperature heat pump simulator (heatpack) for application in computer laboratory sessions for engineering students

Multi-Criteria Economic Analysis of a Pumped Thermal Electricity Storage (PTES) With Thermal Integration

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