Analysis of superantigenic toxin Vβ T-cell signatures produced during cases of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome and septic shock

Ferry, Tristan; Thomas, Damien; Perpoint, Thomas; Lina, Gérard; Monneret, Guillaume; Mohammedi, I.; Chidiac, Christian; Peyramond, D.; Vandenesch, François; Étienne, Jérôme

doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.01975.x

Cited by 48 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The first study included nine patients with Staphylococcus aureus septic shock (26), and no specific T-cell repertoire modifications were observed. In the second study, Unsinger et al (27) showed that after cecal ligation and puncture, mice presented with lymphopenia but that the TCR repertoire measured 21 days after cecal ligation and puncture was not skewed toward any Vβ type but resembled the repertoire found in normal mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased T-Cell Repertoire Diversity in Sepsis

Venet

Filipe-Santos

Lepape

et al. 2013

Critical Care Medicine

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Our results show for the first time that septic patients present with a marked decreased T-cell receptor diversity that returned rapidly toward normal values over time. This opens novel cognitive research perspectives that deserve to be investigated in experimental models of sepsis. After confirmation in larger cohorts of these preliminary results, T-cell receptor diversity measurements may become a crucial tool to monitor immune functions in ICU patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased T-Cell Repertoire Diversity in Sepsis

Venet

Filipe-Santos

Lepape

et al. 2013

Critical Care Medicine

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“…Although a few clinical studies have attempted to correlate shock and outcome with the presence of certain SEs in patients with S. aureus infections (17,28), the contribution of these toxins to outcome is still unclear. Recent papers have proposed the SEs are immunomodulators and that colonization with S. aureus strains that produce SEB may contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma, chronic rhinitis, and dermatitis (2,36,46,48,56).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Enterotoxin Gene Profiles among Clonal Complexes of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from the Bronx, New York

Varshney

Mediavilla

Robiou

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

101

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Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) can cause toxin-mediated disease, and those that function as superantigens are implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. The prevalence of 19 enterotoxin genes was determined by PCR in clinical S. aureus strains derived from wounds (108) and blood (99). We performed spa typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to determine clonal origin, and for selected strains staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Strains carried a median of five SE genes. For most SE genes, the prevalence rates among methicillinresistant and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus isolates, as well as wound-and blood-derived isolates, did not differ. At least one SE gene was detected in all except two S. aureus isolates (>99%). Complete egc clusters were found in only 11% of S. aureus isolates, whereas the combination of sed, sej, and ser was detected in 24% of clinical strains. S. aureus strains exhibited distinct combinations of SE genes, even if their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and MLST patterns demonstrated clonality. USA300 strains also showed considerable variability in SE content, although they contained a lower number of SE genes (mean, 3). By contrast, SE content was unchanged in five pairs of serial isolates. SEB production by individual strains varied up to 200-fold, and even up to 15-fold in a pair of serial isolates. In conclusion, our results illustrate the genetic diversity of S. aureus strains with respect to enterotoxin genes and suggest that horizontal transfer of mobile genetic elements encoding virulence genes occurs frequently.As a commensal, Staphylococcus aureus colonizes the nasal mucosa of 20 to 40% of humans (54), and as a pathogen it causes pyogenic diseases and toxin-mediated diseases (38). S. aureus produces many different virulence factors, including enterotoxins (SEs), which can cause defined toxic shock syndromes (4). The characterization of some of these toxins led to the discovery of superantigens (41), which bind to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and V␤ chains of T-cell receptors, resulting in the activation of large numbers of T cells (20 to 30%) and massive cytokine production (10, 18). These superantigen-induced "cytokine storms" are responsible for the toxic effects seen in staphylococcal entertoxin B (SEB)-and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)-associated shock syndromes in S. aureus infections (13, 40, 47). To date, 19 SEs have been identified based on sequence homologies, and studies have reported enterotoxin genes in up to 80% of all S. aureus strains (4, 21). Although many new enterotoxins have been identified, i.e., seg ser and seu (33,37,44,49), their precise functions have not been characterized yet. The majority of experimental work with SEs is still done with SEB, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, and SEA (27, 31), because these toxins are commercially available. Most SEs are located on mobile elements in bacterial genomes such as plasmids or pathogenicity islands and can thu...

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“…As SAgs are active at very low concentrations (less than 1 pg/ml) (44), which are barely detectable in vivo, SAg-related diseases might theoretically be identified by determining TCR V␤ specificities in vitro. For example, an expansion of V␤2 T cells on the one hand and of V␤3, -14, and -17 T cells on the other hand, which correspond to TSST-1 and SEB superantigenic activities, respectively, has been detected in patients with TSS (6,10,25,29). Such an approach would be particularly useful for investigating suspected SAg-related diseases, including some inflammatory disorders, Kawasaki disease, and atopy (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureusSuperantigens Elicit Redundant and Extensive Human Vβ Patterns

et al. 2009

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Staphylococcus aureus can produce a wide variety of exotoxins, including toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), staphylococcal enterotoxins, and staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxins. These toxins share superantigenic activity. To investigate the ␤ chain (V␤) specificities of each of these toxins, TSST-1 and all known S. aureus enterotoxins and enterotoxin-like toxins were produced as recombinant proteins and tested for their ability to induce the selective in vitro expansion of human T cells bearing particular V␤ T-cell receptors (TCR). Although redundancies were observed between the toxins and the V␤ populations, each toxin induced the expansion of distinct V␤ subsets, including enterotoxin H and enterotoxin-like toxin J. Surprisingly, the V␤ signatures were not associated with a specific phylogenic group of toxins. Interestingly, each human V␤ analyzed in this study was stimulated by at least one staphylococcal superantigen, suggesting that the bacterium derives a selective advantage from targeting the entire human TCR V␤ panel.Staphylococcus aureus produces a broad range of exoproteins, including staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) (9). These toxins were initially implicated in staphylococcal food poisoning (SEs) and TSS (TSST-1) (39). Since the first characterization of SEA and SEB in 1959 to 1960 by Casman and Bergdoll, 18 different SEs have been described; they are designated SEA to SEV, in the chronological order of their discovery (2,5,41). Some were renamed SE-like toxins (SEl), because either no emetic properties were detected or because they were not tested in primate models (21, 41).SEs, SEls, and TSST-1 share certain structural and biological properties. They have similar sizes (23 to 29 kDa), and their crystal structures, established for SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEH, SElI, SElK, and TSST-1, reveal significant homology in their secondary and tertiary conformations (26).

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Analysis of superantigenic toxin Vβ T-cell signatures produced during cases of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome and septic shock

Cited by 48 publications

References 43 publications

Decreased T-Cell Repertoire Diversity in Sepsis

Decreased T-Cell Repertoire Diversity in Sepsis

Diverse Enterotoxin Gene Profiles among Clonal Complexes of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from the Bronx, New York

Staphylococcus aureusSuperantigens Elicit Redundant and Extensive Human Vβ Patterns

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