“…In medfly, a considerable number of studies have focused on the effects of stressful conditions during the adult stage such as high density, radiation exposure and reduction of food nutrition value on both longevity and female reproduction (Carey et al, 2002(Carey et al, , 2001Carey, Liedo, & Vaupel, 1995). Moreover, the effects of cold stress on adult survival, behaviour, gene expression and lipid profiles have been recently elucidated (Pujol-Lereis, Fagali, Rabossi, Catala, & Quesada-Allue, 2016;Pujol-Lereis, Rabossi, & Quesada-Allue, 2014). Thermal conditions during pupal development on adult flight performance have been also explored recently (Esterhuizen et al, 2014).…”