“…The following numerical optimisation methods have been used for the solution of the OAPCD problem: � Dynamic programming [30,114]; � Goal programming [31]; � Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) [27,29,41,58,72,75,87,90,92,96,97,[101][102][103][104][105][106]109,[111][112][113]115,118,120,121]; � Mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) [49,64,83,85,94,98,107].…”
Section: Numerical Optimisation Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Single objective. The most common single objective is the minimisation of the total cost, which is the objective function of the OAPCD problems of the works [24][25][26]28,30,36,[40][41][42]45,50,51,[56][57][58]69,71,72,75,76,82,85,87,90,91,[97][98][99][101][102][103][104][105][106][107]112,113,[115][116][117][118]120], and [121]. The objective is to minimise the total cost, which is the sum of GEORGILAKIS ET AL.…”
Section: Objectivesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[100]) with detailed and accurate modelling of coordination and selectivity of the protection devices provide better results than the earlier OAPCD techniques. Among the various analytical, numerical, and computational intelligence based optimisation methods for OAPCD, only the exhaustive search ( [28,66]) analytical optimisation method and the MILP ( [27,29,41,58,72,75,87,90,92,96,97,[101][102][103][104][105][106]109,[111][112][113]115,118,120,121]) numerical optimisation method can guarantee the finding of the optimal solution. The results of analytical optimisation methods are only indicative, since they make simplified assumptions.…”
Section: Accuracymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among the reviewed papers, the following OAPCD works consider DG units: [34, 39, 43, 46, 47, 56, 57, 62, 66, 67, 75, 77–79, 81, 82, 84, 85, 87, 90, 92, 93, 100, 104, 107, 115, 119].…”
Section: Models For Optimal Allocation Of Protection and Control Devicesmentioning
The fundamental goal of the distribution system operator (DSO) is to serve its customers with reliable and low-cost electricity. Failures in power distribution systems are responsible for 80% of customer service interruptions. The emergence of smart distribution system (SDS) with advanced distribution automation (DA) and communication infrastructure offers a great opportunity to improve reliability, through the automation of fault location, isolation, and service restoration (FLISR) process. DA includes the installation of protection and control devices (PCD). The use of PCD makes fault management more efficient, reduces average outage duration per customer in case of faults, reduces costs due to unsupplied energy, and improves distribution system reliability. Although the use of PCD remarkably enhances distribution system reliability, it is neither economical nor affordable to install them in all potential locations. To obtain the optimal allocation of PCD (OAPCD), an optimisation problem has to be formulated and solved. Several models and methods have been suggested for the OAPCD in SDSs. Herein, an overview of the state-of-the-art models and methods applied to the OAPCD in SDSs are introduced, identifying the contributions of reviewed works, identifying advantages and disadvantages, classifying and analysing current and future research directions in this area.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
“…The following numerical optimisation methods have been used for the solution of the OAPCD problem: � Dynamic programming [30,114]; � Goal programming [31]; � Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) [27,29,41,58,72,75,87,90,92,96,97,[101][102][103][104][105][106]109,[111][112][113]115,118,120,121]; � Mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) [49,64,83,85,94,98,107].…”
Section: Numerical Optimisation Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Single objective. The most common single objective is the minimisation of the total cost, which is the objective function of the OAPCD problems of the works [24][25][26]28,30,36,[40][41][42]45,50,51,[56][57][58]69,71,72,75,76,82,85,87,90,91,[97][98][99][101][102][103][104][105][106][107]112,113,[115][116][117][118]120], and [121]. The objective is to minimise the total cost, which is the sum of GEORGILAKIS ET AL.…”
Section: Objectivesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[100]) with detailed and accurate modelling of coordination and selectivity of the protection devices provide better results than the earlier OAPCD techniques. Among the various analytical, numerical, and computational intelligence based optimisation methods for OAPCD, only the exhaustive search ( [28,66]) analytical optimisation method and the MILP ( [27,29,41,58,72,75,87,90,92,96,97,[101][102][103][104][105][106]109,[111][112][113]115,118,120,121]) numerical optimisation method can guarantee the finding of the optimal solution. The results of analytical optimisation methods are only indicative, since they make simplified assumptions.…”
Section: Accuracymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among the reviewed papers, the following OAPCD works consider DG units: [34, 39, 43, 46, 47, 56, 57, 62, 66, 67, 75, 77–79, 81, 82, 84, 85, 87, 90, 92, 93, 100, 104, 107, 115, 119].…”
Section: Models For Optimal Allocation Of Protection and Control Devicesmentioning
The fundamental goal of the distribution system operator (DSO) is to serve its customers with reliable and low-cost electricity. Failures in power distribution systems are responsible for 80% of customer service interruptions. The emergence of smart distribution system (SDS) with advanced distribution automation (DA) and communication infrastructure offers a great opportunity to improve reliability, through the automation of fault location, isolation, and service restoration (FLISR) process. DA includes the installation of protection and control devices (PCD). The use of PCD makes fault management more efficient, reduces average outage duration per customer in case of faults, reduces costs due to unsupplied energy, and improves distribution system reliability. Although the use of PCD remarkably enhances distribution system reliability, it is neither economical nor affordable to install them in all potential locations. To obtain the optimal allocation of PCD (OAPCD), an optimisation problem has to be formulated and solved. Several models and methods have been suggested for the OAPCD in SDSs. Herein, an overview of the state-of-the-art models and methods applied to the OAPCD in SDSs are introduced, identifying the contributions of reviewed works, identifying advantages and disadvantages, classifying and analysing current and future research directions in this area.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
“…It was discovered that using an appropriate control strategy with a power limiting control approach can extend the life of inverters. A reliability analysis to determine the feasibility of enhancing the distribution system's intelligence through the use of automated switches in the presence of green energy resources and energy storage devices was conducted in [23].…”
Distribution networks, established over past decade are not enough smart to satisfy the growing demand of the society for reliable power supply. Being the only link between utility and consumers, it is an utmost important to analyze and enhance the reliability of distribution network. Reliability improvement demands investment, which will increase the supply cost. Network reconfiguration can be a way to mitigate the investment issue and to enhance the system reliability. This paper presents the optimal network configuration by changing the open/close sequence of sectionalizing switches and tie switches to reduce the Expected Cost of Interruption (ECOST) and Energy Not Served (ENS), well known reliability indices. The Greedy search algorithm is used in MATLAB environment to determine the optimal result. Further, to get more realistic results, effects of fuse failure probability and load transfer restriction are also included in the proposed approach. The radial distribution network of the Roy Billionton Test System (RBTS), which is connected at BUS-2, is utilized as a case study, where various types of loads (Residential, Commercial, Small users and Govt. and Inst. Buildings) are connected.
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