Analysis of temperature effects on performance of interior permanent magnet machines

Li, Silong; Sarlioglu, Bulent; Jurkovic, Sinisa; Patel, Nitin R.; Savagian, Peter

doi:10.1109/ecce.2016.7855214

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The MTPV locus can be obtained from torque Equation (19) with respect to the current angle in the D-Q frame:…”

Section: Operating Strategies In the Linear Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [16,17], an accurate machine model is proposed that relies on look-up tables populated by FEA and including temperature variations. In [18,19], an interesting, though simplified analytical approach is shown to compute the MTPA curve by mapping L d , L q and λ pm by FEA. In [20,21], the MTPA curve is analytically computed with respect to q-axis current.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of the Magnetic Model of Interior Permanent Magnet Machine on MTPA, Flux Weakening and MTPV Evaluation

Bianchini

Bisceglie

Torreggiani³

et al. 2023

Machines

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Interior permanent-magnet synchronous machines are widely spreading in automotive and vehicle traction applications, because of their high efficiency over a wide speed range. This capability can be achieved by appropriated control strategies: Maximum Torque per Ampere (MTPA), Flux Weakening (FW) and Maximum Torque per Volt (MTPV). However, these control trajectories are often based on an simplified magnetic model of the electrical machine. In order to improve the evaluation of machine output capabilities, nonlinear magnetic behavior must be modeled. This is not only related to the final application with a given drive and control structure, but also during the design process of the electric machine. In the design process, the output torque Vs. speed characteristic must be calculated following MTPA, MTPV and FW in the most accurate way to avoid significant error. This paper proposes a set of algorithms to compute MTPA, FW and MTPV curves for interior permanent-magnet synchronous machines taking into account the machines’ nonlinearities caused by iron saturation and compares differed approaches to highlight the torque–speed capabilities for the same machine following different methods. The algorithms are based on the maps of the equivalent inductances of a reference interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine and inductances maps were obtained via 2-D Finite Element Analysis over the machine’s operating points in id−iq reference plane. The effects of different 2-D finite element methods are also computed by both standard nonlinear magnetostatic simulations and Frozen Permeability simulations. Results show that the nonlinear model computed via frozen permeability is more accurate than the conventional linear and nonlinear models computed via standard magnetostatic simulations; for this reason, during the electrical machine design, it is important to check the expected performance employing a complete inductance map and frozen permeability.

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“…The MTPV locus can be obtained from torque Equation (19) with respect to the current angle in the D-Q frame:…”

Section: Operating Strategies In the Linear Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Magnetic Model of Interior Permanent Magnet Machine on MTPA, Flux Weakening and MTPV Evaluation

Bianchini

Bisceglie

Torreggiani³

et al. 2023

Machines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to [25] the flux linkage distributions are mirror-symmetrical to the d-axis because of rotor symmetry. With increasing permanent magnet temperature, the flux linkage isolines shift in d-axis direction due to the contribution of the permanent magnets [26]. To demonstrate the temperature influence in more detail, the top graph of Figure 8 shows both components ψ d and ψ q for 60 °C and 25 °C in one diagram.…”

Section: ) Inverse Current-flux Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An FPGA-Based Real-Time Spatial Harmonics Model of a PMSM Considering Iron Losses and the Thermal Impact

Scheer

Andert

Gries

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrific.

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“…Of equal importance is the durability and performance of the traction motor. Interior Permanent Magnetic (IPM) motors with NdFeB magnets are a common choice for BEVs due to their relatively high torque density, high Constant Power Speed Ratio (CPSR), and high efficiency [5]. The heat generation mechanism in electric traction motor includes (1) iron loss (or core loss) in the motor core such as hysteresis loss and eddy current loss; (2) copper loss in the winding due to Ohmic heating; (3) mechanics loss such as friction between shaft and bearing and windage loss due to the air drag.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For optimal performance, IPM magnets must be cooled within a proper temperature range to avoid irreversible damage [5]. In the marketplace, demagnetization limits the duty cycle of the motor and can limit performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD simulations of electric motor end ring cooling for improved thermal management

Grover

Yang

Parrish

et al. 2022

STET

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Proper thermal management of an electric motor for vehicle applications extends its operating range. One cooling approach is to impinge Automatic Transmission Fluid (ATF) onto the rotor end ring. Increased ATF coverage correlates to enhanced heat transfer. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analytical tools provide a mechanism to assess motor thermal management prior to hardware fabrication. The complexity of the fluid flow (e.g., jet atomization, interface tracking, wall impingement) and heat transfer makes these simulations challenging. Computational costs are high when solving these flows on high-speed rotating meshes. Typically, a Volume-of Fluid (VOF) technique (i.e., two-fluid system) is used to resolve ATF dynamics within this rotating framework. Suitable numerical resolution of the relevant physics for thin films under strong inertial forces at high rotor speeds is computationally expensive, further increasing the run times. In this work, a numerical study of rotor-ring cooling by ATF is presented using a patent automated Cartesian cut-cell based method coupled with Automatic Mesh Refinement (AMR). This approach automatically creates the Cartesian mesh on-the-fly and can effectively handle complex rotating geometries by adaptively refining the mesh based on local gradients in the flow field which results in better resolution of the air-ATF interface. A Single non-inertial Reference Frame (SRF) approach is used to account for the rotating geometry and to further improve the overall computational efficiency. Quasi-steady state conditions are targeted in the analysis of the results. Important physics such as ATF jet structure, velocity detail near the air-jet interface, ATF coverage/accumulation on the ring surface, and cooling capacity are presented for a low-resolution Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS), high-resolution RANS, and high-resolution Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) models. Computations are scaled over hundreds of cores on a supercomputer to maximize turnaround time. Each numerical approach is shown to capture the general trajectory of the oil jet prior to surface impingement. The high-resolution LES simulation, however, is superior in capturing small scale details and heat transfer between the free jet and surrounding air.

show abstract

Analysis of temperature effects on performance of interior permanent magnet machines

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Effects of the Magnetic Model of Interior Permanent Magnet Machine on MTPA, Flux Weakening and MTPV Evaluation

Effects of the Magnetic Model of Interior Permanent Magnet Machine on MTPA, Flux Weakening and MTPV Evaluation

An FPGA-Based Real-Time Spatial Harmonics Model of a PMSM Considering Iron Losses and the Thermal Impact

CFD simulations of electric motor end ring cooling for improved thermal management

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