Analysis of temporary skeletal anchorage devices used for en-masse retraction: A preliminary study

Factors controlling anterior torque during C-implant-dependent en-masse retraction without posterior appliances

“…After en-masse retraction, short-term fixed appliances or clear aligners can be used as the finishing stage. 5 The technique described in this study is the result from several years of experience and observation of the clinical application of temporary skeletal anchorage devices. Further studies are needed to determine the treatment effects of enmasse retraction with different type of skeletal anchorage based on retraction force, length of hook, and bracket slot size.…”

“…A fter Kanomi's report 1 on this concept, published case reports with mini-implants when applying conventional orthodontic mechanics have shown new complications, such as anterior bite deepening, occlusal plane canting, and posterior open bite or posterior crossbite. [2][3][4][5] When using mini-implants to retract the anterior teeth, it is most important to consider the location of the center of resistance (CR) relative to the location of the mini-implants. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Successful bodily translation of the anterior teeth might require additional complicated archwires or a supplementary mini-implant in the anterior segment.…”

“…5 No appliances were placed in the maxillary and mandibular posterior dentition. The mini-implants were designed to accommodate archwires that were free to slide during retraction and could resist the force levels necessary for a wide range of applications.…”

Analysis of lingual en masse retraction combining a C-lingual retractor and a palatal plate

“…[19][20][21] Biocreative therapy was developed to enable retraction without involving the posterior segments and thus avoid such side effects. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The C-implant supports some osseointegration and accomplishes controlled anterior retraction with a ,1 mm change in the posterior unbracketed segments. Normal home care is possible for these patients since the posterior teeth are free of appliances.…”

“…[1][2][3] Segmental orthodontics can be a good choice for this, 4,5 and biocreative therapy for anterior retraction offers a further advantage since fixed posterior appliances are not necessary. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Orthodontists often choose to remove premolars to retract crowded or protrusive anterior teeth. Location and management of the center of resistance with respect to retraction force vectors (Cres) is critical.…”