Analysis of the Actual Situation of the Local Civil Engineering Consultant Companies Since the Great East Japan Earthquake: Focusing on the Bid Information of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan

Assessment of Rain Garden Effects for the Management of Urban Storm Runoff in Japan

“…The terrain of Kyoto's central Nakagyo Ward, which is home to government offices, economic organizations, financial institutions and shopping centers, is mostly flat and slightly inclined to the southwest. It has a total area of 738 ha, with an average impervious ratio of 92.72% and an average slope of 1.18% based on GIS data from Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan [45]. Based on the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan's detailed classifications for land use types, the research site consisted of 7 types of land use (Figure 5).…”

“…The sub-catchment and drainage systems are the fundamental units of the model. In this research, GIS data were obtained from Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism [45] for generalization of the research site, and inp.PINS software was used to convert the relevant .shp file to .inp format. Pipe layouts were then drawn in the SWMM model based on data from the Kyoto City Water Supply and Sewage Bureau [47].…”

“…The SWMM hydrological model requires numerous input parameters for the simulation process. The majority of these for definition of the ground surface and drainage system were derived using data from Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism [45], the Kyoto City Water Supply and Sewage Bureau [47] and Google Maps (Table 2). The remaining parameters were determined from the sub-catchment properties, including Manning's N for impervious (N-Imperv) and pervious (N-Perv) areas, the depth of depression storage in impervious (Dstore-Imperv, mm) and pervious (Dstore-Perv, mm) areas, the percentage of impervious areas with no depression storage (%), the infiltration process and characteristic width.…”