To understand the application of satellite positioning and navigation system, the application of a particle filter algorithm in satellite positioning and navigation system is studied. In this paper, firstly, the state equation of the system is established according to the correlation between the parameters of GPS output, and the particle filter algorithm is applied to filter the GPS-received data. In the CPS navigation system, DSP is used to decode and filter the output signal of the CPS receiver. The results show that when the GPS signal is disturbed, the particle filter algorithm can deal with the abnormal observation samples well, which shows that it can reduce the computational complexity and improve the GPS positioning accuracy, and have a certain robustness.