Analysis of the Biomechanical Response of Kidneys Under Blunt Impact

Schmitt, Kai‐Uwe; Snedeker, Jess G.

doi:10.1080/15389580500482021

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The studies found in the literature reported a threshold value for injuries with an AIS 3 of 4 J [11,[13][14][15] and for a first sign of kidney injury at 1.4 or 2.7 J [11,12], which are at least 5 times lower than the values determined in this study (see Fig. 4 and 5).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…The gelatin block shows the chosen mesh with the SED distribution. Enlarged: Section showing the interface between the impactor and the gelatin with the gelatin sticking to the impactor (red arrow) values related to an organ injury determined in this study are much higher than values found in the literature [11][12][13][14][15][16] has three reasons: (i) the literature data were obtained by slowly squeezing tissue samples or the whole organ between two hard plates which hindered the organ to bend as expected in a realistic situation of blunt impact; (ii) the literature data represent mean values over a large sample volume or even the whole organ whereas our data display the SED inside one single voxel; (iii) in this study the organs were surrounded by gelatin, which has a protecting effect on the organ.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…They also confirmed the 4 J energy threshold for injuries with an abbreviated injury scale (AIS) grade 3 found by Bschleipfer et al [11] at a corresponding SED of 25 mJ/cm 3 . Further investigation by the same group [14] yielded to a 50% threshold of the SED of 21 mJ/cm 3 for an injury level AIS 3 and higher. Additionally, they developed a finite element method (FEM) model of the kidney, which allowed visualizing the SED distribution over the whole organ during the impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In this study we focus on the kidney, an organ only partially protected by the ribs and therefore vulnerable but at the same time very important in filtering blood. A number of studies had already been performed with the purpose of understanding the mechanical response of a kidney under impact load on human [5], porcine [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], and simian kidneys [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of a soft tissue layer covering the kidney upon blunt impact

et al. 2019

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Blunt abdominal organ injury is an abundant and relevant topic in forensic medicine yet comparatively few experimental studies have been performed to quantify organ injury threshold parameters. The goal of this study was to relate an impact to a kidney injury determining an energy threshold while taking account of the influence of the overlaying soft tissue thickness. A model consisting of ballistic gelatin with an embedded filled porcine kidney was made such that a gelatin layer of 2 or 4 cm thickness covered the organ. An impactor was dropped on this model from different heights and the resulting organ damage was categorized according to the abbreviated injury scale (AIS). The 50% energy threshold for damage and the 50% energy threshold causing injuries ≥ AIS 3 were determined for the two protecting soft layers to be 22 J and 32 J and 27 J and 36 J, respectively. A finite element model was created to determine the strain energy densities at the depth of the organ's surface for these energies. The strain energy densities for the 50% damage thresholds were 88.9 mJ/cm 3 and 86.7 mJ/cm 3 for 2 and 4 cm and for the injuries ≥ AIS 3 104.2 mJ/cm 3 and 98.7 mJ/cm 3. For forensic cases this means that the thickness of the abdominal layers must be taken into account when the severity of an injury is used to draw conclusions about the applied impact strength.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of a soft tissue layer covering the kidney upon blunt impact

et al. 2019

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“…Soft tissues typically behave as hyper-elastic/hyperviscoelastic nearly incompressible continuum and the parameters for such models have been determined only for a limited number of the abdominal/thoracic organs (Miller 2000;Leroy et al 2001;Schmitt and Snedeker 2006;Gao et al 2010;Shao et al 2013). Therefore, a hyper-elastic (Mooney -Rivlin) constitutive model was used for the liver and kidney and a linear viscoelastic constitutive model for the remaining tissues, organs, muscles and ligaments (Lizee et al 1998;Robin 2001;Ruan et al 2003;Kimpara et al 2005;Ruan et al 2005) (Table 8).…”

Section: Mesh Loading Boundary Conditions and Materials Properties Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigations of rib fracture failure models in different dynamic loading conditions

Fang

Yang

Miller

et al. 2015

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering

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Rib fracture is one of the most common thoracic injuries in vehicle traffic accidents that can result in fatalities associated with seriously injured internal organs. A failure model is critical when modelling rib fracture to predict such injuries. Different rib failure models have been proposed in prediction of thorax injuries. However, the biofidelity of the fracture failure models when varying the loading conditions and the effects of a rib fracture failure model on prediction of thoracic injuries have been studied only to a limited extent. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of three rib failure models on prediction of thoracic injuries using a previously validated finite element model of the human thorax. The performance and biofidelity of each rib failure model were first evaluated by modelling rib responses to different loading conditions in two experimental configurations: (1) the three-point bending on the specimen taken from rib and (2) the anterior-posterior dynamic loading to an entire bony part of the rib. Furthermore, the simulation of the rib failure behaviour in the frontal impact to an entire thorax was conducted at varying velocities and the effects of the failure models were analysed with respect to the severity of rib cage damages. Simulation results demonstrated that the responses of the thorax model are similar to the general trends of the rib fracture responses reported in the experimental literature. However, they also indicated that the accuracy of the rib fracture prediction using a given failure model varies for different loading conditions.

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Mechanism and Physiopathology of Kidney Trauma

AL-Mamari

2023

Urogenital Trauma: A Practical Guide

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Analysis of the Biomechanical Response of Kidneys Under Blunt Impact

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Influence of a soft tissue layer covering the kidney upon blunt impact

Influence of a soft tissue layer covering the kidney upon blunt impact

Numerical investigations of rib fracture failure models in different dynamic loading conditions

Mechanism and Physiopathology of Kidney Trauma

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