Analysis of the Chemical Modification of Dental Enamel Submitted to 35% Hydrogen Peroxide “In-Office” Whitening, with or without Calcium

Moreira, Rudá França; Santos, Fábio Pinheiro; Santos, Estevão Antero; Santos, Ramon Silva dos; Anjos, M.J.; Miranda, Mauro Sayão de

doi:10.1155/2017/4646789

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Tooth bleaching, regardless of the bleaching agent concentration and frequency of application, did not increase enamel surface no matter how excessively they were used [25]. Also studies that analyzed surface roughness showed no statistically significant difference between bleached and unbleached enamel when using home bleaching agents [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Erosion and abrasion susceptibility of enamel bleached with various bleaching agents at different frequencies

Lubbadeh¹,

Eckert²,

Lippert³

2018

Mouth Teeth

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Purpose: To evaluate the effect of different in-office and at-home bleaching agents, applied for different periods on enamel susceptibility to erosion and brushing abrasion, in order to help dentists provide better treatment recommendations for patients that can minimize potential adverse side effects of tooth whitening treatments. Methods:The following experimental factors were considered: three in-office bleaching treatments;(G1-Opalescence Boost 40% hydrogen peroxide, G2-iBrite Plus 30% hydrogen peroxide, G3-Gel White In-Office Dental Bleaching 16% carbamide peroxide), and three at-home bleaching treatments;(G4-Opalescence PF 20%, G5-Opalescence PF 15%, G6-Opalescence PF 10%); two different frequencies of applications; and two models (erosion only/erosion and abrasion). Two control groups were used; G7 for in-office and G8 for at-home bleaching treatments. Control groups specimen remained in artificial saliva during the period corresponding to bleaching procedures. Study blocks were formed by gluing two enamel slabs together, generating 80 study blocks that were distributed among 8 groups. Each group was bleached with its assigned bleaching agent, then further subdivided into two subgroups where half the slabs were subjected to another cycle of bleaching treatment. The blocks of each bleached group and corresponding control groups were then subjected to a one-day cycling model. Cycling consisted of citric acid erosive challenges and toothbrushing abrasion, where only one side of the blocks was brushed. Artificial saliva was used to remineralize the specimens after erosive and abrasive challenges, and as storage media between bleaching treatments. After each erosion/abrasion cycle, surface loss (in micrometers) was determined by noncontact profilometry. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (α=0.05).Results: Bleaching did not increase enamel susceptibility to erosion or abrasion regardless of the bleaching gel concentration or frequency of application. Bleaching gels containing fluoride, calcium or potassium nitrate might have offered protection against enamel erosion and abrasion. Toothbrushing abrasion was the single most important factor contributing to tooth wear regardless of bleaching. Although it may not be of clinical significance, in-office bleaching caused more surface loss than at-home bleaching.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Erosion and abrasion susceptibility of enamel bleached with various bleaching agents at different frequencies

Lubbadeh¹,

Eckert²,

Lippert³

2018

Mouth Teeth

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“…Salomão et al 22 evaluated the susceptibility to demineralization of bleached dental enamel subjected to different fluoride application regimes and showed that the use of hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide (CP), both at 35%, should be associated with a daily enamel fluoridation, otherwise, the in-office dental bleaching turn the tooth enamel more susceptible to demineralization. Therefore, the presence of calcium and/or fluoride in the bleaching gel composition, has the purpose of reducing the possible deleterious effects caused by high concentrated dental bleaching gels, in order to increase the incorporation of minerals into the dental enamel in an attempt to reduce adverse effects to the hydroxyapatite crystals 27,28 .…”

Section: G1 -Sevenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Different Time Intervals among the in-Office Bleaching Sessions on the Tooth Enamel Mass Variation

et al. 2019

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This study evaluated the effect of different time intervals between tooth bleaching sessions on the variation of tooth enamel mass, using a 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP35) gel. Twenty bovine incisor teeth were collected and cross-sectioned twice, leaving only the middle coronal portion. The dentin layer was removed, leaving only the buccal dental enamel. The samples were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 10): G1 (with a 7-day time interval between each bleaching session), and G2 (with a 2-day time interval between each bleaching session). Three bleaching sessions were performed for each group. Each specimen’s mass was measured using an electronic analytical scale, first at the beginning of the experiments (T0), and then immediately after each bleaching intervention (T1, T2 and T3, respectively). All samples were stored in artificial saliva and kept in a biological chamber during the time of the study. The data analysis was performed using ANOVA for the related samples (p = 0.05). The results showed a reduction in the enamel mass values in G2 after the 3rd session when comparing to enamel mass values presented at the beginning of the study. On the other hand, G1 presented an increase in the mass values at the end of the third session, and these intragroup differences were statistically significant (p <0.001). It was concluded that bleaching treatment with 7-day intervals between sessions leads to no tooth enamel mass loss, whereas the reduced 2–day time interval between sessions caused a significant tooth enamel mass loss. Keywords: Tooth. Tooth Bleaching. Tooth Enamel. Resumo Este estudo avaliou a influência de diferentes intervalos de tempo entre as sessões de clareamento com peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% (PH35) sobre a variação de massa do esmalte dental. Foram utilizados 20 dentes incisivos bovinos hígidos, seccionados em duas porções transversais, com a camada de dentina vestibular toda removida, restando apenas o esmalte dental vestibular. As amostras foram distribuídas em 2 grupos (n=10): G1 - intervalo de tempo de 7 dias entre as sessões de clareamento, e G2 - Intervalo de 2 dias entre as sessões de clareamento. Foram realizadas 3 aplicações de gel clareador em cada grupo. A pesagem dos espécimes foi realizada antes do início do tratamento clareador e ao final de cada intervenção clareadora, em uma balança analítica eletrônica. Os espécimes foram armazenados em saliva artificial, e mantidos em estufa biológica. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA para amostras relacionadas (p=0.05). O G2 apresentou uma redução nos valores de massa do esmalte quando comparados os tempos antes do clareamento (T0 - 0.1650g) e após a 3° sessão (T3 - 0.1643g). Entretanto, o G1 apresentou um aumento nos valores de massa ao término da terceira sessão (T0 - 0.1615g e T3 - 0.1624g), sendo essas diferenças intragrupos estatisticamente significantes (p<0.001). Foi possível concluir que no clareamento com intervalo de 7 dias entre as sessões não houve perda de massa do esmalte dental, ao passo que quando reduzido o intervalo entre as sessões para 2 dias, uma perda significativa de massa foi observada. Palavras-chave: Dente. Clareamento Dental. Esmalte Dentário.

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“…Although there are protocols that reduce the contact time between the bleaching agent and the tooth structure, there are several adverse effects found in the literature, the most common being tooth sensitivity [4,9,11,12,, which is generally associated with the ability of hydrogen peroxide to diffuse rapidly through enamel and dentin and penetrate the pulp, causing intense damage [3,9,17,19,20], as pulp inflammatory reactions [11,19,21], reduced cell proliferation and reduced pulp repairing capacity, which can lead to reversible pulpitis or even tissue necrosis [3,14,22]. Morphological changes in enamel and dentin and changes in mineral content can also occur resulting in the presence of erosions, porosities (which can lead to possible bacterial colonization), 23 decreased microhardness and nano hardness, increased surface roughness and dental demineralization, as well as fracture toughness [4,5,12,[15][16][17]21,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it is necessary to take measures to minimize the possible adverse effects during the bleaching treatment [15]. The use of laser therapy can minimize tooth hypersensitivity by stimulating cell differentiation, increasing tissue repair and reducing inflammation.3 Calcium and / or fluoride can also be added to the composition of bleaching gels and the application of fluoride after treatment to reduce the risk of demineralization or loss of mineral enamel content [16,17,202].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

"Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Dental Bleaching in the Office: Literature Review"

Molina¹,

Genaro²,

Fazanaro

et al. 2021

BJSTR

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Background: Perform a literature review on dental bleaching in order to evaluate its effectiveness and its adverse effects. Materials and Method:For this literature review, electronic searches were performed for articles related to the keywords: "Dental bleaching", "Hydrogen peroxide", "Carbamide peroxide", in the databases Pubmed, Lilacs and Scielo, among the years 2009 and 2019. The articles were cited in chronological order from the year 2009.Result: After searching the articles, 25 studies were selected that analyzed the effectiveness of tooth whitening and its effects. Conclusion:The association of office and home techniques can minimize possible damage to dental structures. The professional, to obtain favorable results in the use of the office whitening technique, must know the product he will use, follow the manufacturer's recommendations for the application and guidance to the patient, respect the soft tissue protection technique, use products that minimize sensitivity, as well as individualizing each treatment. Clinical Significance:The literature reports that tooth whitening is a technique that is safe, efficient and has no harmful effects on dental enamel when an appropriate and individualized protocol is performed for each patient.

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Analysis of the Chemical Modification of Dental Enamel Submitted to 35% Hydrogen Peroxide “In-Office” Whitening, with or without Calcium

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Erosion and abrasion susceptibility of enamel bleached with various bleaching agents at different frequencies

Erosion and abrasion susceptibility of enamel bleached with various bleaching agents at different frequencies

Influence of Different Time Intervals among the in-Office Bleaching Sessions on the Tooth Enamel Mass Variation

"Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Dental Bleaching in the Office: Literature Review"

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