Analysis of the corrosion scales formed on API 5L X70 and X80 steel pipe in the presence of CO2

Forero, A. B.; Núñez, Milagros. M.G.; Bott, Ivaní de Souza

doi:10.1590/s1516-14392013005000182

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Na corrosão por CO 2 , quando a concentração dos íons Fe 2+ e CO 3 2-excede o limite de solubilidade na solução aquosa, a solução apresenta-se instável, pois o potencial químico dos íons em solução é mais alto do que na fase sólida. Então, para que a energia livre do sistema diminua deve haver a precipitação, a partir da qual estes íons formam um sólido, o carbonato de ferro (FeCO 3 ), mantendo a concentração de equilíbrio da solução.…”

Section: 11unclassified

“…Este último, quando dissolvido em água do mar é altamente corrosivo para as tubulações de aço carbono e os equipamentos utilizados no processo. [1][2][3] A grande preocupação com a corrosão por CO 2 na indústria de petróleo e gás esta nas falhas ocasionadas, pois estas podem comprometer a produção de óleo/gás e causar acidentes de proporção catastrófica.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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THE FORMATION OF PROTECTIVE IRON CARBONATE FILMS AND THE CONTROL OF CO₂CORROSION IN TURBULENT FLOW

et al. 2016

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TURBULENT FLOW. The formation of a protective layer of iron carbonate (FeCO 3 ) can reduce the rates of corrosion and prolong the useful life of carbon steel. However, turbulent flow conditions in this layer can easily be damaged and thus compromise the protection of the steel. In this work, will be presented a methodology based on the chemical aspects of the mechanism of formation of iron carbonate layer in a Thin Channel Flow Cell (TCFC). Electrochemical techniques were used to measure the corrosion rate and corrosion potential on the surface of steel API X65 exposed to aqueous solution of 1 wt.% NaCl purged with CO 2 at 2 atm, pH 6.6 and 80°C in turbulent flow conditions. The surfaces and cross sections of the samples were characterized by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis. The results confirm the nucleation and growth of iron carbonate layer: the extension of supersaturation of the solution and the corrosion rate have decreased, and the corrosion potential has increased. The surface analysis showed dense and uniform FeCO 3 layer with c.a. 20 μm thick after 120 hours in turbulent flow conditions. Keywords: iron carbonate (FeCO 3 ); CO 2 corrosion; flow cell. INTRODUÇÃOA corrosão por dióxido de carbono (CO 2 ) é atualmente uma das formas mais estudadas de corrosão na indústria de petróleo e gás. Isto se deve ao fato de que o petróleo bruto e o gás natural são extraídos de poços que contêm diferentes tipos de impurezas, dentre elas o CO 2. Este último, quando dissolvido em água do mar é altamente corrosivo para as tubulações de aço carbono e os equipamentos utilizados no processo.1-3 A grande preocupação com a corrosão por CO 2 na indústria de petróleo e gás esta nas falhas ocasionadas, pois estas podem comprometer a produção de óleo/gás e causar acidentes de proporção catastrófica.No Brasil, o pré-sal inspira novos desafios quando se trata da corrosão por CO 2 . A exploração em poços profundos traz consigo um percentual de CO 2 de até 20% do total dos hidrocarbonetos, valor este muito superior ao encontrado nos campos do pós-sal. 4 Além da sua presença natural na geologia local do campo produtor, o CO 2 pode ser injetado como método de recuperação avançada na produção de petróleo e gás em poços maduros, 5 tanto no pré-sal quanto no pós-sal.Para superar o obstáculo das falhas por corrosão do aço baixo carbono, deve-se considerar o mecanismo de corrosão por CO 2 nas condições da água de formação do produto e também o efeito do seu fluxo durante o transporte, bem como o mecanismo de interação do produto com a parede interna do duto. Essa abordagem multidisciplinar para a corrosão por CO 2 , ou seja, o conhecimento da relação entre fluxo e corrosão por CO 2 , é uma necessidade emergente para a indústria do petróleo e, embora, existam muitas pesquisas correlatas, 6-8 torna-se necessário buscar uma metodologia de pesquisa aplicada, que reúna os esforços da comunidade científica e contribua de forma significativa para o entendimento da corrosão por CO 2 em condiçõe...

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Section: 11unclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

THE FORMATION OF PROTECTIVE IRON CARBONATE FILMS AND THE CONTROL OF CO₂CORROSION IN TURBULENT FLOW

et al. 2016

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“…They are usually considered as more cost-effective and safer than any other types of steel. However, such pipelines used for the exploitation and transport of oil and gas are usually buried underground, undersea, or immersed in marine salty water, where they can get severely corroded [4][5][6][7]. Thus, single or multilayer protective coatings are generally used for external and internal corrosion protection of pipelines in gas/ oil transmission and distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusion-bonded epoxy composite coatings on chemically functionalized API steel surfaces for potential deep-water petroleum exploration

et al. 2015

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Corrosion of oil and gas pipelines significantly reduces the service life of the pipelines, thus increasing costs, and more seriously, it can cause catastrophic environmental accidents. More recently, the exploitation of oil in ultra-deep seawater fields is facing new technological challenges in material selection owing to the extreme production conditions. Thus, the development of organic coatings as protective layers for steel pipelines is of crucial importance against highly corrosive environments. In this work, fusion bonded epoxy (FBE) coatings were deposited onto chemically functionalized carbon steel surfaces with organosilanes to investigate the potential applications in protection against corrosion and degradation in harsh marine environments. Carbon-steel API 5L X42 (American Petroleum Institute Standard grade) was chemically functionalized with two organosilanes, 3-APTES [(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane], and 3-GPTMS [(3-Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane], followed by the deposition of FBE composite coatings. The systems were extensively characterized with respect to each component as well as the steel-coating interface. The contact angle measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results clearly indicated that the steel surface was effectively modified by the functional amine and glycidyl silane groups, leading to the formation of interfacial covalent bonds with increased hydrophobicity compared to bare steel surfaces. In addition, the morphological and chemical characterizations of FBE by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and FTIR showed that it is composed of an epoxy-based organic matrix of bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) reinforced with uniformly dispersed inorganic phases of calcium silicates and TiO 2 particles. Moreover, the chemical functionalization of the steel surfaces with amino and glycidyl silanes significantly altered the interfacial forces with the FBE coatings, resulting in higher adhesion strength for 3-APTES-modified steel compared to 3-GPTMS-steel; however, both mostly showed cohesive rupture mode in the FBE component.

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“…Despite its relatively limited corrosion resistance, carbon steel is used in large tonnages in marine applications, chemical processing, petroleum production and refining, construction and metal processing equipment 1,2 . The economic consequences of corrosion of iron and its alloys in various industrial sectors, including oil and gas operations, are investigated 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a zinc phosphating bath these equilibrium may be represented as: (2) A certain amount of free phosphoric acid must be present to repress the hydrolysis and to keep the bath stable for effective deposition of phosphate at the microcathodic sites 23,24 . Temperature and immersion time are main effective parameters in zinc phosphate conversion coatings 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Immersion Time and Immersion Temperature on the Corrosion Behavior of Zinc Phosphate Conversion Coatings on Carbon Steel

2015

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Analysis of the corrosion scales formed on API 5L X70 and X80 steel pipe in the presence of CO2

Cited by 30 publications

References 22 publications

THE FORMATION OF PROTECTIVE IRON CARBONATE FILMS AND THE CONTROL OF CO₂CORROSION IN TURBULENT FLOW

THE FORMATION OF PROTECTIVE IRON CARBONATE FILMS AND THE CONTROL OF CO₂CORROSION IN TURBULENT FLOW

Fusion-bonded epoxy composite coatings on chemically functionalized API steel surfaces for potential deep-water petroleum exploration

The Effect of Immersion Time and Immersion Temperature on the Corrosion Behavior of Zinc Phosphate Conversion Coatings on Carbon Steel

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Analysis of the corrosion scales formed on API 5L X70 and X80 steel pipe in the presence of CO2

Cited by 30 publications

References 22 publications

THE FORMATION OF PROTECTIVE IRON CARBONATE FILMS AND THE CONTROL OF CO2CORROSION IN TURBULENT FLOW

THE FORMATION OF PROTECTIVE IRON CARBONATE FILMS AND THE CONTROL OF CO2CORROSION IN TURBULENT FLOW

Fusion-bonded epoxy composite coatings on chemically functionalized API steel surfaces for potential deep-water petroleum exploration

The Effect of Immersion Time and Immersion Temperature on the Corrosion Behavior of Zinc Phosphate Conversion Coatings on Carbon Steel

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THE FORMATION OF PROTECTIVE IRON CARBONATE FILMS AND THE CONTROL OF CO₂CORROSION IN TURBULENT FLOW

THE FORMATION OF PROTECTIVE IRON CARBONATE FILMS AND THE CONTROL OF CO₂CORROSION IN TURBULENT FLOW