Analysis of the Cytotoxicity of Carbon-Based Nanoparticles, Diamond and Graphite, in Human Glioblastoma and Hepatoma Cell Lines

Zakrzewska, Karolina Ewa; Samluk, Anna; Wierzbicki, Mateusz; Jaworski, Sławomir; Kutwin, Marta; Sawosz, Ewa; Chwalibog, A.; Pijanowska, Dorota G.; Pluta, Krzysztof

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122579

Cited by 56 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…33 Similarly, ND and NG show low toxicity on glioblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. 34 Moreover, ND has been suggested to be biocompatible with neuroblastoma cells and macrophages. 35 However, neuroblastoma cells lose their neurite extensions after incubation with ND at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, and macrophages show morphological changes at this dose.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diamond, graphite, and graphene oxide nanoparticles decrease migration and invasiveness in glioblastoma cell lines by impairing extracellular adhesion

Wierzbicki¹,

Jaworski²,

Kutwin³

et al. 2017

IJN

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The highly invasive nature of glioblastoma is one of the most significant problems regarding the treatment of this tumor. Diamond nanoparticles (ND), graphite nanoparticles (NG), and graphene oxide nanoplatelets (nGO) have been explored for their biomedical applications, especially for drug delivery. The objective of this research was to assess changes in the adhesion, migration, and invasiveness of two glioblastoma cell lines, U87 and U118, after ND, NG, and nGO treatment. All treatments affected the cell surface structure, adhesion-dependent EGFR/AKT/mTOR, and β-catenin signaling pathways, decreasing the migration and invasiveness of both glioblastoma cell lines. The examined nanoparticles did not show strong toxicity but effectively deregulated cell migration. ND was effectively taken up by cells, whereas nGO and NG strongly interacted with the cell surface. These results indicate that nanoparticles could be used in biomedical applications as a low toxicity active compound for glioblastoma treatment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diamond, graphite, and graphene oxide nanoparticles decrease migration and invasiveness in glioblastoma cell lines by impairing extracellular adhesion

Wierzbicki¹,

Jaworski²,

Kutwin³

et al. 2017

IJN

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“…Disruption of the phospholipid bilayer following GO treatment has already been documented in Hep G2 cells, although authors could not conclude whether or not the damage depended on the orientation of the nanoparticles [18]. Entrance of nanoparticles into cells, apart from phagocytes, has been a concern for many researchers, as most studies on cytotoxicity of nano-diamonds, for example, have not been able to decide if particles were inside cells or aggregated on plasmamembranes [19]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons Induce Autophagic Vacuoles in Neuroblastoma Cell Lines

Mari

Mardente

Morgante

et al. 2016

IJMS

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Since graphene nanoparticles are attracting increasing interest in relation to medical applications, it is important to understand their potential effects on humans. In the present study, we prepared graphene oxide (GO) nanoribbons by oxidative unzipping of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and analyzed their toxicity in two human neuroblastoma cell lines. Neuroblastoma is the most common solid neoplasia in children. The hallmark of these tumors is the high number of different clinical variables, ranging from highly metastatic, rapid progression and resistance to therapy to spontaneous regression or change into benign ganglioneuromas. Patients with neuroblastoma are grouped into different risk groups that are characterized by different prognosis and different clinical behavior. Relapse and mortality in high risk patients is very high in spite of new advances in chemotherapy. Cell lines, obtained from neuroblastomas have different genotypic and phenotypic features. The cell lines SK-N-BE(2) and SH-SY5Y have different genetic mutations and tumorigenicity. Cells were exposed to low doses of GO for different times in order to investigate whether GO was a good vehicle for biological molecules delivering individualized therapy. Cytotoxicity in both cell lines was studied by measuring cellular oxidative stress (ROS), mitochondria membrane potential, expression of lysosomial proteins and cell growth. GO uptake and cytoplasmic distribution of particles were studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for up to 72 h. The results show that GO at low concentrations increased ROS production and induced autophagy in both neuroblastoma cell lines within a few hours of exposure, events that, however, are not followed by growth arrest or death. For this reason, we suggest that the GO nanoparticle can be used for therapeutic delivery to the brain tissue with minimal effects on healthy cells.

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“…In our previous study with different carbon nanoparticles, we have observed nanoparticles appearing on the bright field microphotographs as black dots, aggregated inside the cells or on the cell surface. 23 However, to determine the exact interaction of nanoparticles with the cell membrane, further studies need to be conducted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results are consistent with the fact that dose is an important factor in the toxicity of carbon nanoparticles. 23,24 However, the toxic effects also depend on the type of cells, as it was observed that fibroblasts ( Figure 4) were less susceptible to HNC treatment than glioma cells. This might be explained by the high amount of HNC aggregates in fibroblast medium and lower affinity of the HNC particles to fibroblast cells, influencing adhesion to the cell membrane and probably HNC intake by cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the cytotoxicity of hierarchical nanoporous graphenic carbon against human glioblastoma grade IV cells

Jaworski

Biniecka

Bugajska

et al. 2017

IJN

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A newly produced hierarchical, nanoporous carbon (HNC) material is studied for the first time in a biological model. The material consists of uniform particles and is characterized by a mean diameter <150 nm, a high specific surface area of 1,000 m 2 /g, well-developed porosity, and high electrical conductivity. These unique properties and ability to transfer charge create a possibility of employing HNC as a moderator of tumor cell growth. As the charge of HNC may interfere with cell membranes by adhesion and by bonding with cell receptors, it may block the supply of nutrients. The interactions of HNC with the U87 cells can also lead to the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activate apoptotic mechanisms in cancer cells. The investigation was performed using U87 human glioblastoma and PCS-201–010 normal fibroblast cell lines, where cell morphology and ultrastructure, viability, ROS production, type of cell death, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and the expression of genes engaged in apoptosis pathways are studied. The results demonstrate that cytotoxicity of HNC particles increases with concentration from 5 to 100 µg/mL by activation of apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, without inducing necrosis. Our research indicates the potential applicability of HNC in cancer therapy.

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Analysis of the Cytotoxicity of Carbon-Based Nanoparticles, Diamond and Graphite, in Human Glioblastoma and Hepatoma Cell Lines

Cited by 56 publications

References 48 publications

Diamond, graphite, and graphene oxide nanoparticles decrease migration and invasiveness in glioblastoma cell lines by impairing extracellular adhesion

Diamond, graphite, and graphene oxide nanoparticles decrease migration and invasiveness in glioblastoma cell lines by impairing extracellular adhesion

Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons Induce Autophagic Vacuoles in Neuroblastoma Cell Lines

Analysis of the cytotoxicity of hierarchical nanoporous graphenic carbon against human glioblastoma grade IV cells

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