Analysis of the effect of swimmer's head position on swimming performance using computational fluid dynamics

Zaïdi, Hanane; Taı̈ar, Redha; Fohanno, S.; Polidori, Guillaume

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.02.005

Cited by 62 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…To investigate the impacts of swimmer movements on fluid flows, more recent CFD/PIV studies have tested models in different configurations (i.e. manipulation of head position [70], or finger spread [71][72][73][74][75]) or in full dynamic mode (during the dolphin kick [76][77][78] or the front crawl [79]). For instance, maintaining the streamlined head position might decrease drag values by 20% at high swimming speeds during glide [70].…”

Section: Fluid Perturbations From Swimmer's Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…manipulation of head position [70], or finger spread [71][72][73][74][75]) or in full dynamic mode (during the dolphin kick [76][77][78] or the front crawl [79]). For instance, maintaining the streamlined head position might decrease drag values by 20% at high swimming speeds during glide [70]. Closer to actual swimming conditions, Cohen et al [79], animated a numerical model based on the kinematics of a swimmer performing a complete front crawl stroke cycle (the swimmer was moving against the fluid flow, contrary to previous studies).…”

Section: Fluid Perturbations From Swimmer's Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual–Environment Interactions in Swimming: The Smallest Unit for Analysing the Emergence of Coordination Dynamics in Performance?

et al. 2017

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Displacement in competitive swimming is highly dependent on fluid characteristics, since athletes use these properties to propel themselves. It is essential for sport scientists and practitioners to clearly identify the interactions that emerge between each individual swimmer and properties of an aquatic environment. Traditionally, the two protagonists in these interactions have been studied separately. Determining the impact of each swimmer's movements on fluid flow, and vice versa, is a major challenge. Classic biomechanical research approaches have focused on swimmers' actions, decomposing stroke characteristics for analysis, without exploring perturbations to fluid flows. Conversely, fluid mechanics research has sought to record fluid behaviours, isolated from the constraints of competitive swimming environments (e.g. analyses in two-dimensions, fluid flows passively studied on mannequins or robot effectors). With improvements in technology, however, recent investigations have focused on the emergent circular couplings between swimmers' movements and fluid dynamics. Here, we provide insights into concepts and tools that can explain these on-going dynamical interactions in competitive swimming within the theoretical framework of ecological dynamics. 3 Key points Swimming movements are characterised by continuous interactions between individuals and the aquatic environment: water is essential to progression, yet it also acts as a brake on swimmers' displacement.  Ecological dynamics is a theoretical framework that provides concepts and tools to investigate the continuous coupling of performers and the performance environment in swimming, providing an indivisible entity for analysis.  Key ideas in ecological dynamics (constraints and affordances) are highlighted to help coaches to design representative practice contexts for athletes that simulate competitive performance environments in swimming.4

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Section: Fluid Perturbations From Swimmer's Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fluid Perturbations From Swimmer's Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual–Environment Interactions in Swimming: The Smallest Unit for Analysing the Emergence of Coordination Dynamics in Performance?

et al. 2017

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“…In this sense, the evaluation of the hydrodynamic drag during gliding after starts and turns represents an important question to be addressed. The position of the body segments, such as the head (Zaidi et al, 2008) and the arms (Marinho et al, 2009b), but also different postures adopted during the underwater gliding (Marinho et al, 2009c) have been evaluated using CFD. Zaidi et al (2008) evaluated the effect of the head position on hydrodynamic performance, analysing three head positions: (i) head aligned with the body, (ii) a lower head position, and (iii) a higher head position.…”

Section: Minimizing Drag After Start and Turnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They reveal that the position of the head has a noticeable effect on the hydrodynamic performances, strongly modifying the wake around the swimmer. Based on a two-dimensional analysis, Zaidi et al (2008) proposed an optimal position of the head of a swimmer in underwater swimming. However, restrictions inherent to the use of a two-dimensional steady flow model to investigate a really unsteady threedimensional flow must be kept in mind when analyzing these results.…”

Section: Minimizing Drag After Start and Turnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, CFD studies in swimming were only able to analyse form and friction drag components, since the models were placed underwater. Bixler et al (2007) simulated a human body placed at a water depth of 0.75 m, Zaidi et al (2008) positioned the model 1.50 m below the water surface, whereas Marinho et al (2009b) used a model at a water depth of 0.90 m. These distances were experimentally proven to be sufficient to exclude the wave drag component from the simulations (Lyttle et al, 1999;Vennell et al, 2006). Therefore, it seems very interesting to improve CFD simulations, including the analysis of hydrodynamic drag when wave drag is a real phenomenon.…”

Section: Form Friction and Wave Drag Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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