Analysis of the Effect of Osteon Diameter on the Potential Relationship of Osteocyte Lacuna Density and Osteon Wall Thickness

Skedros, John G.; Clark, Gunnar C.; Sorenson, Scott M.; Taylor, Kevin W.; Qiu, Shijing

doi:10.1002/ar.21452

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In human ribs, calcanei of sheep, deer, elk and horses, and radii and 3rd metacarpals of horses, Skedros et al. () found a significant but weak correlation between osteocyte lacunae number and bone area or osteon wall thickness when considering all osteons in limb bones and variable degrees of significance of the inverse relationship in larger and smaller osteons and in different species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the most recent study of Skedros et al. () does not provide clear support for the hypothesized inverse relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Other studies on human proximal femurs (Power et al 2001(Power et al , 2002Britz et al 2009) supported this point, but the effects of bone disease and/or aging could confound their results because they were carried out in an aged population. Also, the most recent study of Skedros et al (2011) does not provide clear support for the hypothesized inverse relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Morphometric analysis of osteonal architecture in bones from healthy young human male subjects using scanning electron microscopy

et al. 2013

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The shape and structure of bones is a topic that has been studied for a long time by morphologists and biologists with the goal of explaining the laws governing their development, aging and pathology. The osteonal architecture of tibial and femoral mid-diaphyses was examined morphometrically with scanning electron microscopy in four healthy young male subjects. In transverse sections of the mid-diaphysis, the total area of the anterior, posterior, lateral and medial cortex sectors was measured and analysed for osteonal parameters including osteon number and density, osteon total and bone area and vascular space area. Osteons were grouped into four classes including cutting heads (A), transversely cut osteons (B), longitudinally cut osteons (C) and sealed osteons (D). The morphometric parameters were compared between the inner (endosteal) and outer (periosteal) half of the cortex. Of 5927 examined osteons, 24.4% cutting heads, 71.1% transversely cut osteons, 2.3% longitudinally cut osteons and 2.2% sealed osteons were found. The interosteonic bone (measured as the area in a lamellar system that has lost contact with its own central canal) corresponded to 51.2% of the endosteal and 52.4% of the periosteal half-cortex. The mean number of class A cutting heads and class B osteons was significantly higher in the periosteal than in the endosteal half-cortex (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively), whereas there was no significant difference in density. The mean osteon total area, osteon bone area and vascular space area of both classes A and B were significantly higher (P < 0.001 for all three parameters) in the endosteal than in the periosteal half-cortex. The significant differences between the two layers of the cortex suggest that the osteoclast activity is distributed throughout the whole cortical thickness, with more numerous excavations in the external layer, but larger resorption lacunae closer to the marrow canal. A randomly selected population of 109 intact class B osteons was examined at higher magnification (350×) to count osteocyte lacuna and to analyse their relationship with osteon size parameters. The distribution frequency of the mean number of osteocyte lacunae increased with the increment in the sub-classes of osteon bone area, whereas the density did not show significant differences. The number of osteocyte lacunae had a direct correlation with the osteon bone area and the mean osteon wall thickness, as well as the mean number of lamellae. The osteocyte lacunae density showed an inverse relationship. These data suggest a biological regulation of osteoblast activity with a limit to the volume of matrix produced by each cell and proportionality with the number of available cells in the space of the cutting cone (total osteon area). The collected data can be useful as a set of control parameters in healthy human bone for studies on bone aging and metabolic bone diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the most recent study of Skedros et al. () does not provide clear support for the hypothesized inverse relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Morphometric analysis of osteonal architecture in bones from healthy young human male subjects using scanning electron microscopy

et al. 2013

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“…A number of studies have focused on differences in osteocyte lacunar density with regard to age, loading and disease, with contradictory results (Mullender et al 1996a(Mullender et al ,b, 2005Qiu et al 2002Qiu et al , 2006Skedros et al 2003Skedros et al , 2005Skedros et al , 2011aSkedros, 2005;Vashishth et al 2005;Schneider et al 2007;Vatsa et al 2008;van Hove et al 2009); however, very little is known regarding normal variation in human osteocyte lacunar density and morphology. The variation in the range of lacunar abundance values in normal human bone is high and depends on location, tissue type and analytical technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal variation in cortical osteocyte lacunar parameters in healthy young males

et al. 2014

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The most abundant cell in bone, osteocytes form an interconnected system upon which the regulation of healthy bone relies. Although the complete nature of the role of osteocytes has yet to be defined, they are generally accepted to play a part in the sensing of load and the initiation of damage repair. A previous study conducted by our group identified variation of up to 30% in osteocyte lacunar density and morphological parameters between regions of a single cross-section of human femoral shaft; that study, however, was limited to a single individual. The aim of the current study was to determine whether this pattern consistently occurs in healthy young male femora. Anterior, posterior, medial and lateral blocks were prepared from the proximal femoral shaft of seven males and synchrotron radiation micro-CT imaged. Average lacunar densities (AE SD) from the anterior, posterior, medial and lateral regions were 23 394 AE 1705, 30 180 AE 4860, 35 946 AE 5990 and 29 678 AE 6081 lacunae per mm 3 of bone tissue, respectively. These values were significantly different between the anterior and both the medial and posterior regions (P < 0.05). The density of the combined anterior and posterior regions was also significantly lower (P = 0.006) than the density of the combined medial and lateral regions. Although no difference was found in predominant orientation, shape differences were found; with the combined anterior-posterior regions having lacunae that were significantly more elongated and less flat than the combined medial-lateral values (P < 0.001). As expected, in this larger study, there was a dramatic difference in lacunar density between the medial and anterior region (up to~54%). The study clearly demonstrates that the high variation seen in osteocyte lacunar density as well as other lacunar parameters, noted in a number of biomechanical, age and pathology studies, are well within the range of normal variation; however, the reasons for and consequences of this variation remain unclear. Lacunar parameters including abundance and shape are being increasingly incorporated into computational modeling of bone biology and this paper represents a more comprehensive description of normal healthy lacunae.

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“…As the electron beam in SEMs results in the generation of secondary electrons, backscattered electrons, or x‐rays depending on the detection method used, the system can be used for high‐resolution imaging of surface features, back scattered imaging to generate a tissue mineral density map, or energy dispersive x‐ray (EDX) analysis to determine an elemental map of the bone surface . The back scattered energy mode also allows evaluation of the age of osteons based on the maturity of the mineral density laid down, while EDX spectrometry can evaluate Ca/P ratio in bone mineral, as well as the relative amounts of other trace elements …”

Section: Techniques Of Assessment: Preclinical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of bone healing: Perspectives and assessment techniques

Guda

Labella

Chan

et al. 2014

Wound Repair Regeneration

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Bone regeneration and healing is an area of extensive research providing an ever-expanding set of not only therapeutic solutions for surgeons but also diagnostic tools. Multiple factors such as an ideal graft, the appropriate biochemical and mechanical wound environment, and viable cell populations are essential components in promoting healing. While bony tissue performs many functions, critical is mechanical strength, followed closely by structure. Many tools are available to evaluate bone quality in terms of quantity, structure, and strength; the purpose of this article is to identify the factors that can be evaluated and the advantages and disadvantages of each in assessing the quality of bone healing in both preclinical research and clinical settings.

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Analysis of the Effect of Osteon Diameter on the Potential Relationship of Osteocyte Lacuna Density and Osteon Wall Thickness

Cited by 32 publications

References 67 publications

Morphometric analysis of osteonal architecture in bones from healthy young human male subjects using scanning electron microscopy

Morphometric analysis of osteonal architecture in bones from healthy young human male subjects using scanning electron microscopy

Normal variation in cortical osteocyte lacunar parameters in healthy young males

Quality of bone healing: Perspectives and assessment techniques

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