Analysis of the effect of material properties on the hydroforming process of tubes

Carleer, B.D.; Kevie, G van der; Winter, Lisa; Veldhuizen, B van

doi:10.1016/s0924-0136(00)00530-6

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…16) From the investigation about the effect of n-value on tube hydroformability, it was found that the high n-values resulted in a more material inflow and a more homogenous thickness distribution during the bulging test. 17) In the current study, the n-values in the circumferential and axial direction of heattreated steel tubes were close to or above 0.30, as shown in Table 4. It may say that the TRIP seamless steel tubes produced in this work show a good hydroformability in both circumferential and axial directions.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 71%

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TRIP Seamless Steel Tube

Zhang

Manabe

et al. 2012

Mater. Trans.

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A low-carbon TRIP seamless steel tube, which is expected to be used in the hydroforming process, was successfully fabricated using piercing, cold-drawing and two-stage heat treatment process. In this study, to maximize the volume fraction and stability of retained austenite as well as to obtain a TRIP seamless steel tube with good combination of strength and ductility, the optimal heat treatment conditions (intercritical annealing "IA" and isothermal bainite treatment "IBT") were investigated. The influence of heat treatment on the microstructure of the TRIP seamless steel tube was studied via optical microscopy, TEM and XRD. The mechanical properties in axial and circumferential directions of TRIP seamless steel tube were also evaluated by conventional tensile test and the ring tensile test developed by the author, respectively. The results show that for a particular set of IA and IBT temperature, the volume fraction of retained austenite increased with increasing IA holding time but decreased with the increase of IBT holding time in the set of time range in this study. As a result, the high retained austenite volume fraction of 10.26% was obtained with IA holding time of 5 min at IA temperature of 810°C, IBT holding time of 6 min at temperature of 410°C. And this sample possessed a UTS of 542 MPa, YS of 355 MPa and EL of 35% in the circumferential direction obtained by the ring tensile test.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 71%

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TRIP Seamless Steel Tube

Zhang

Manabe

et al. 2012

Mater. Trans.

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“…Extensive research has been performed analytically, numerically as well as experimentally to analyze the effect of the material properties, geometric characteristics, and loading parameters on the forming quality [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Yang et al [9] investigated the effect of the loading path on the forming result and gave a reasonable range of the loading path in THF process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multi-objective robust optimization of the loading path in the T-shape tube hydroforming based on dual response surface model

Huang

Song

Liu

2015

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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In this study, a dual response surface model-based multi-objective robust optimization method is introduced to deal with the uncertainties in the tube hydroforming process. The objective of this study is to maximize the protrusion height and minimize the thinning ratio; meanwhile, the variations of the objectives should be minimized. A valid finite element model obtained from experimental result and LS-DYNA is employed to simulate the T-shape tube hydroforming process. To improve computation efficiency, radial basis function combined with Latin hypercube and orthogonal design sampling strategies is employed to construct dual response surface model, which are the mean and standard deviation response of the hydroforming process, respectively. The robust Pareto solutions can be obtained using NSGA-II; meanwhile, the ideal point method is used to obtain the most satisfactory solution from the Pareto solutions for the design engineers. As a conclusion, a significant improvement of the robustness can be achieved; however, the mean performance of the protrusion height has to be sacrificed.

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“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Through these studies, process characteristics of tube hydroforming have been gradually understood. On the other hand, there are only a few reports on the forming ability of actual engineering parts, from either an experimental or a theoretical point of view.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Hammering Hydroforming by Static Explicit FEM

et al. 2004

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Recently, tube hydroforming is receiving increasing attention. Knowledge on the process is, however, still insufficient to produce high-quality products in an efficient way. Hammering hydroforming, in which the hydraulic pressure is pulsated synchronously with axial feeding, is an effective method of improving forming ability. However, the factors that cause the improvement are still unclear. In the research reported in this paper, simulations of an automotive component produced by hammering hydroforming have been performed using a static explicit finite-element method code, which was developed in this study. The simulation results showed a good agreement with the experiment, thus validating the hammering hydroforming simulation by the developed code. The factors that improve the forming ability were also investigated by simulation. It was clarified that the hammering forming has the advantage of obtaining enough expansion as well as the regular forming with the lower friction force by using the lower pressure history. Moreover, that roughly the same effect as lowering the friction coefficient could be achieved by the hammering hydroforming.KEY WORDS: tube hydroforming; hammering forming; static explicit finite-element method; strain path, displacement in the longitudinal direction.tions. 23) An updated Lagrangian rate formulation is used to describe the finite deformation. The rate form of the equilibrium equations and boundary conditions are equivalently expressed by the principle of virtual velocity in the form 24) ..................... (1) where V and S denote, respectively, the domain occupied by the body and its boundary at time t. s is the Cauchy stress tensor, t J is the Jaumann rate of the Kirchhoff stress tensor, L is the velocity gradient tensor, and D is the strain rate tensor, which is the symmetric part of L. dv is the virtual velocity field satisfying the condition dvϭ0 on the velocity boundary. S G is the part of the boundary S on which the rate of hydraulic pressure p is prescribed. S C is the part of the boundary S on which the rate of traction f (other than the hydraulic pressure) is prescribed.As for constitutive equations, small strain linear elasticity and large deformation rate-independent work-hardening plasticity are assumed. Hill's quadratic yield function 25) and the associated flow rule are used. The equation can be written in the formijkl are the tangent elastoplastic moduli. The solution procedure for the formulation stated above follows the standard way of static explicit analysis using the r-minimum strategy. 26) Simulation Model Suspension ComponentIn this study, the forming processes of a suspension component of an automobile shown in Fig. 1(a) 2) were simulated. This component is formed through multistage processes: the pre-bending process, the die-closing process, and the hydroforming process. During the hydroforming process, pressure up to 140 MPa and axial feeding up to 200 mm are applied. Ultimately, 43 % of maximum expansion is achieved.In the actual industrial production...

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Analysis of the effect of material properties on the hydroforming process of tubes

Cited by 39 publications

References 2 publications

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TRIP Seamless Steel Tube

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TRIP Seamless Steel Tube

The multi-objective robust optimization of the loading path in the T-shape tube hydroforming based on dual response surface model

Simulation of Hammering Hydroforming by Static Explicit FEM

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