Analysis of the effects of meteorological parameters on radio refractivity, equivalent potential temperature and field strength via Mann-Kendall test

Abstract

Trend analysis of meteorological parameters (temperature, pressure, and relative humidity) as well as calculated refractivity, equivalent potential temperature (EPT) for a pseudo-adiabatic process, and field strength in Calabar, Southern Nigeria has been analyzed using Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen's slope estimator. Data of the meteorological parameters were obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) in Calabar for 14 years (2005 -2018). Results show that the maximum and average temperature, atmospheric pressure, refractivity, EPT and field strength all exhibited a positive Kendall Z value with 2.52, 0.33, 3.83, 0.77, 0.44 and 3.18 respectively which indicated an increasing trend over time, with only maximum temperature, atmospheric pressure and field strength showing a significant increase at 5% (0.05) level of significance, since their calculated p-values (0.012, 0.0001, and 0.001) were less than 0.05. The relative humidity and minimum ambient temperature showed a decrease in trend over time as they both had a negative Kendall Z values (-0.11 and -1.09 respectively), however, together with the average ambient temperature and refractivity, their trend wasn't significant 5% level of significance since their calculated p-values were all more than 0.05. Linear regression, correlation and partial differentiation showed that relative humidity has the most effect on the changes in seasonal refractivity and an indirect relationship with field strength variability. The relationship between EPT and refractivity has been discovered to be very strong and positive. Descriptive statistics has been used to portray the seasonal and annual trend of all parameters.

Solar energy: A panacea for the electricity generation crisis in Nigeria

“…The global total monthly radiation was collected from 2005-2016, and the average was found for each month and presented for all state capitals of the different regions. From mere observations, it can be concluded that the Northern states evidently have higher values of global solar radiation, which is in agreement with facts as the Northern States are hotter, and the Southern States generally have lower temperature values, mainly because of their closeness to the Atlantic Ocean [6,7,8,9]. After using the total monthly global solar radiation with Eq.…”

“…She is located at a globally competitive position with relatively high sunshine intensity and longer average sunshine hours than other countries with better utilization records. Studies [6,7,8,9] have shown that even in her coastal regions, there still exist a great potential for harnessing and utilizing solar energy.…”

“…Adopting these alternative energy resources can go as far as creating jobs, improving energy access and security [5], and reducing the emission of fossil fuels, which depletes the ozone layer and contributes to the formation of GHGs; this ramps up the average global surface temperature. Studies by Agbo et al [6,7], Agbo and Ekpo [8], Agbo [9], and Alhaji et al [10] have shown that the ambient temperature for their respective study locations in Nigeria is steadily increasing. This shows the importance of adopting clean, renewable energy.…”

“…Variations of meteorological parameters affect the amount of energy gotten from the sun. According to studies from Agbo et al [6,7], Agbo and Ekpo [8], Agbo [9] Alhaji et al [10], and Akinbami [11], climate change is one of the effects of these variations with its issue resulting from diverse anthropogenic activities. With the recent increase in cellular networks' deployment across the world and the most recent introduction of the 5th Generation (5G) technology, two main problems have been noticed; the cost of energy for running these mobile networks and its effects on the environment.…”

Evaluation of Temperature and Precipitation Simulations in CMIP6 Models Over the Tibetan Plateau

“…More details of the Sen's slope estimator and Mann-Kendall test methods, the reader is referred to Sen (1968) and Kendall (1975). Those methods are highly recommended by the World Meteorological Organization and have been widely applied to assess trend of hydrometeorological time series (Agbo et al, 2021;Da Silva et al, 2015;Nyikadzino et al, 2020;You et al, 2016).…”