Analysis of the Effects of GSM Bands to the Electromagnetic Pollution in the Rf Spectrum

Abstract

Abstract-In this study, electromagnetic (EM) pollution measurements in crowded residential areas were performed, and statistical analysis of values recorded for the EM sources causing pollution was carried out. The actual measurement values and estimated values by the analysis model obtained through the statistical analysis were compared. Also, amplitude fluctuations of the electromagnetic radiations from EM pollution sources were detected for a long time, and statistical analyses were made. EM field levels were measured in the districts of Turkish capital, Ankara where cellular base stations and TV/Radio stations are densely populated. EM radiation levels were measured for the GSM900, GSM1800, FM, UHF4, VHF4 and VHF5 stations for certain spectrum ranges under far-field conditions by utilizing isotropic field probe and selective spectrum analyzer. The measurements were fulfilled by using NARDA SRM3000 radiation meter with isotropic antenna that can be utilized in 75 MHz-3 GHz frequency range. The obtained measurement levels were compared with the limit values given by International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The measurement results for each pollution sources were compared, and their contributions to the combined radiation were analyzed. The values for the EM pollution in the measurement regions were embedded over the digital maps created for the related places. During this process, comparisons of the pollution maps were made by utilizing Natural Neighbour (NN) interpolation technique.

Study of Em Wave Absorption and Shielding Characteristics for a Bonsai Tree for GSM-900 Band

“…The number of cell towers is increasing rapidly, and electromagnetic (EM) waves emitted from the Base Station Antennas (BSAs) may have adverse effects on human beings or on other living animals [1][2][3][4][5]. It has also been reported that continuous exposure to microwave radiation from cell phone towers causes serious health problems over the years [6][7][8].…”

Genetic Algorithm Approach and Experimental Confirmation of a Laser-Based Diagnostic Technique for the Local Thermal Turbulence in a Hot Wind Tunnel Jet

“…Mastery of phenomena related to the propagation of a laser beam in an optical and thermal turbulence is also essential when trying to respond to the concerns encountered in a large number of technological applications based on the laser, such as medical diagnostic with laser [5], laser radar [6], laser probing of atmospheric properties [7], laser satellite communication and Earth-to-space communications [8], submarine detection [9], monitoring and remote sensing [10], laser weapons and laser defence missiles [11]. .…”

Monitoring of Long Term Rf Radiation Due to Cellular Base Stations

“…Measuring and evaluating the RF-EMF emitted by base stations and wireless systems, and controlling their compliance with standards/limit values is of great importance for human health and helps to take precautions. Therefore, many researches [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] have been focused on the measurement and assessment of electric field strength (E) that is emitted from wireless devices. Determining especially the change in emitted E levels from base stations depending on usage density at particular times of day has great importance.…”