Analysis of the Essence of Pension Insurance and Its Place in the System of Social Protection of the Population

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to deepen the analysis of theoretical and practical foundations of pension insurance for rural population, to substantiate its further reform and development. Theoretical aspects of pension insurance have been analyzed according to different scientific opinions of both the Ukrainian and foreign scientists, according to which pension insurance is considered a difficult category, and the diversity of its interpretation means that it has not been fully disclosed yet and remains the subject of research. Method. In most countries of the world, the same problems of the pension system as in our country have arisen. But thanks to pension reform, they have achieved successful results. Each country chose its own way of building a pension system based on its own demographic and socio-economic characteristics. However, despite this, the main task of any pension system is to protect against poverty and to provide a pension that can guarantee a decent standard of living for a pensioner. It is proved that to carry out effective pension protection policy in the country it is necessary to continue to study the essence of the concept of "pension insurance", as well as it is important and urgent to find ways to improve the reliability and effectiveness of mechanisms for ensuring the implementation of social guarantees in the pension insurance system. It is noted that insurance came about when humanity realized the danger that the environment hides. With regard to pension insurance, its formation took place in the context of the development of the entire insurance system. Results. The Ukrainian scholars in the field of pensions, exploring the nature and concept of pension insurance at the current stage of development, have determined that pension insurance is based on two important principles: the principle of solidarity and the principle of personal responsibility, also scientists focus on the principles put forward by the works on social protection of the population by the International Labour Organization, which are defined in the adopted Conventions of this organization. Value/originality. Analyzing the theoretical nature of pension insurance, one can determine that the essence of the social nature of pension insurance lies in the social protection of persons who have reached retirement age due to disability or loss of a breadwinner, pension insurance provides social security with minimal social security, approved by the International Labour Organization for the payment of pensions. Retirement insurance is also considered to be a complex category, and its diversity of treatment means that it is has not fully disclosed yet and remains a subject of study.

Improvement of the Financial and Organizational Mechanism of the Functioning of the Pension Fund of Ukraine

“…As can be seen from In recent years, the Pension Fund of Ukraine has been working to ensure that citizens do not waste time on applications and queues, but receive quality services remotely. For this purpose, the Portal of electronic services of the Pension Fund of Ukraine was introduced, in which users can use new electronic services: "Pension Calculator", "Electronic Labor Book", "Automatic Pension Assignment" [1] and the mobile application "Pension Fund".…”

The Efficacy of the Retirement Pension Provision System: Modeling, and Assessing of the Case of Kazakhstan

“…The second approach is based on the functioning of an accumulative mechanism, which assumes individual financing of the pension by the employee himself at the expense of a share of wages and investment income (accumulative pension system) [18]. As demonstrated by the world experience [36], conceptually, most scholars [7,21,37,38] tend to believe that the highest level of the efficacy of social guarantees for pensioners is achieved by creating a multi-tier pension system and by simultaneous operation of both models of the pension system. The symbiosis of basic public pension provision, solidarity, and accumulative components forms a stable basis for a balanced pension provision.…”