Analysis of the fire resistance of timber jack arch flooring systems used in historical buildings

Cost-effectiveness and affordability evaluation of a residential prototype built with compressed earth bricks, hybrid roofs and palm midribs

“…While the sustainability and affordability of the adopted solutions are often acknowledged and their revival is continuously advocated, the literature focuses on their structural and environmental performance (Cowan, 1981;Venkatarama Reddy and Jagadish, 2003;Venkatarama Reddy, 2004;Vafai et al, 2005;Diodato et al, 2015;Egenti and Khatib, 2016;Touré et al, 2017;González-López et al, 2018;Murmu and Patel, 2018;Fernandes et al, 2019;Moussa et al, 2019;Yang and Wang, 2019;Di Gregorio et al, 2020;Teixeira et al, 2020;Garcia-Castillo et al, 2021;Hanafi, 2021;Hany et al, 2021;Kasinikota and Tripura, 2021;Mahdad et al, 2021;Saari et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2021). A research gap on their construction costs and affordability indicators, which were not well-researched, was found.…”

“…Historically, jack arch roofs were made of brick vaults supported by timber joists, which were later replaced by iron as new industrial materials became available. In more recent years, RC beams have been introduced using the same technology (Diodato et al, 2015;Garcia-Castillo et al, 2021). The jack arch originated in Europe, expanded to the Americas, and by the mid-twentieth century was used in East Europe, the Middle East (Maheri et al, 2012;Khan et al, 2013) as seen in Iran (Eslami et al, 2012;Zahrai, 2015;Shabdin et al, 2020), Iraq (Kharrufa, 2007), Turkey (Ozdemir et al, 2017), and Sudan (Mukhtar, 1980;Adam and Agib, 2002), Nepal (Motra et al, 2021), and the Indian subcontinent (Maheri and Rahmani, 2003;Maheri et al, 2012;Khan et al, 2013).…”

Fire Safety Conditions at Historic Buildings: Cathedral of Porto Case

“…Old or historic buildings are, in general, more vulnerable to fire (Torero, 2019;Raneri, 2021), which is why the most recent studies highlight the importance of investigating the vulnerability of each building, considering the context in which they are inserted and their unique needs, to understand how their structure influences the overall fire performance (Torero, 2019;Bakas et al, 2020;Salazar et al, 2021;Romão & Bertolin, 2022;Petrini et al, 2022 ). The bibliographic review identified some of the characteristics that make historic buildings vulnerable to fire, namely: the presence of numerous wooden structures; the absence of adequate compartmentalization; the impossibility of altering the original characteristics of the building; uncertainty regarding techniques and materials used in the original construction; the existence of voids and other elements with low fire resistance; insufficient number of alternative exits; long distances to travel, in the sense of evacuation; storage of flammable substances; non-compliance of electrical installations; difficulties in accessing emergency services and the absence of active fire detection and suppression systems (Naziris et al, 2016;Iringová & Idunk, 2017;Torero, 2019;Devi & Sharma, 2019;Kincaid, 2020;Quapp & Holschemacher, 2020;Caliendo et al, 2020;Castillo et al, 2021;Cao et al, 2021;Huang, 2022;Petrini et al, 2022). The old or historic buildings were built at a time when the principles of fire safety were not observed, presenting, for this reason, characteristics that make it challenging to apply a set of prescriptive requirements present in the current regulations.…”

International Symposium on Occupational Safety and Hygiene: Proceedings Book of the SHO2023

“…Old or historic buildings are, in general, more vulnerable to fire (Torero, 2019;Raneri, 2021), which is why the most recent studies highlight the importance of investigating the vulnerability of each building, considering the context in which they are inserted and their unique needs, to understand how their structure influences the overall fire performance (Torero, 2019;Bakas et al, 2020;Salazar et al, 2021;Romão & Bertolin, 2022;Petrini et al, 2022 ). The bibliographic review identified some of the characteristics that make historic buildings vulnerable to fire, namely: the presence of numerous wooden structures; the absence of adequate compartmentalization; the impossibility of altering the original characteristics of the building; uncertainty regarding techniques and materials used in the original construction; the existence of voids and other elements with low fire resistance; insufficient number of alternative exits; long distances to travel, in the sense of evacuation; storage of flammable substances; non-compliance of electrical installations; difficulties in accessing emergency services and the absence of active fire detection and suppression systems (Naziris et al, 2016;Iringová & Idunk, 2017;Torero, 2019;Devi & Sharma, 2019;Kincaid, 2020;Quapp & Holschemacher, 2020;Caliendo et al, 2020;Castillo et al, 2021;Cao et al, 2021;Petrini et al, 2022). The old or historic buildings were built at a time when the principles of fire safety were not observed, presenting, for this reason, characteristics that make it challenging to apply a set of prescriptive requirements present in the current regulations.…”