“…4 Comparison of normalized adiabatic elastic constant C 12 from the current analysis and experimental data for various fcc metals: a Al, b Au and c Cu. Experimental data for Al, Au, and Cu are obtained from Sutton [45], Neighbours and Alers [46], and Overton and Gaffney [35], respectively followed by some contraction, followed by expansion again [42,43]. These experiment data suggest that there is a competition between the expansion forces due to electron-phonon interaction and in-plane phonon vibrations, and the contraction forces due to out-of-plane phonon vibrations.…”