Analysis of the Gut Mycobiome in Adult Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) with Increased Sensitivity—Pilot Study

Salamon, Dominika; Sroka-Oleksiak, Agnieszka; Gurgul, Artur; Arent, Zbigniew; Szopa, Magdalena; Bulanda, Małgorzata; Małecki, Maciej

doi:10.3390/nu13041066

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Whole metagenome sequencing uncovered an increase in lipopolysaccharides-producing bacteria and a decrease in SCFA-producing bacteria in women with T1DM across pregnancy compared with healthy individuals as controls ( 126 ). Remarkably, the gut mycobiome signature is beginning to intrigue humans, as recently demonstrated in a pilot study assessing the gut mycobiome in adult patients with T1DM ( 127 ).…”

Section: The Gut Microbiome and Pancreatic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Gut Dysbiosis in Pancreatic Diseases: A Causative Factor and a Novel Therapeutic Target

et al. 2022

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Pancreatic-related disorders such as pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) impose a substantial challenge to human health and wellbeing. Even though our understanding of the initiation and progression of pancreatic diseases has broadened over time, no effective therapeutics is yet available for these disorders. Mounting evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis is closely related to human health and disease, and pancreatic diseases are no exception. Now much effort is under way to explore the correlation and eventually potential causation between the gut microbiome and the course of pancreatic diseases, as well as to develop novel preventive and/or therapeutic strategies of targeted microbiome modulation by probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for these multifactorial disorders. Attempts to dissect the intestinal microbial landscape and its metabolic profile might enable deep insight into a holistic picture of these complex conditions. This article aims to review the subtle yet intimate nexus loop between the gut microbiome and pancreatic diseases, with a particular focus on current evidence supporting the feasibility of preventing and controlling pancreatic diseases via microbiome-based therapeutics and therapies.

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Section: The Gut Microbiome and Pancreatic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Gut Dysbiosis in Pancreatic Diseases: A Causative Factor and a Novel Therapeutic Target

et al. 2022

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“…12,13 Alternations in both the enteric virome and mycobiome have been described in diseases including colorectal cancer 14,15 inflammatory bowel diseases, [16][17][18][19][20] and diabetes mellitus. 21,22 With regards to FMT, bacteriophages and fungi have been found to be associated with FMT efficacy in CDI patients, with successful transplants being associated with a stable virome core, 23 reductions in Caudovirales, 24 and Candida albicans in the FMT recipients. 25 These data suggest the importance of nonbacterial components and the trans-kingdom relationships in CDI and its FMT treatment.…”

Section: Undetected Unknownsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is unknown in using microbiota as a therapeutic?

Sung

Wong

2021

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used extensively in the treatment of various gastrointestinal and extraintestinal conditions, despite that there are still a lot of missing gaps in our knowledge in the gut microbiota and its behavior. This article describes the unknowns in microbiota biology (undetected microbes, uncertain colonization, unclear mechanisms of action, uncertain indications, unsure long-term efficacy, or side effects). We discuss how these unknowns may affect the therapeutic uses of FMT, and the potentials and caveats of other related microbiota-based therapies. When used as an experimental therapy or last resort in difficult conditions, caution should be taken against inadvertent complications. Clear documentations of post-treatment events should be made mandatory, classified, and graded as in clinical trials. Further robust scientific experiments and properly designed clinical studies are needed.

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“…These new insights obtained through next-generation sequencing of the mycobiome show that fungi are important in several gut-associated and metabolic diseases [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The gut mycobiome could also be a reservoir for opportunistic pathogens, which can grow out and cause infections when the gut ecosystem is disturbed [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal-Bacterial Interactions in the Human Gut of Healthy Individuals

Maas

Penders

Venema

2023

JoF

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Most studies of the microbiota in the human gut focus on the bacterial part, but increasing information shows that intestinal fungi are also important for maintaining health. This can be either by directly influencing the host or by indirectly influencing the gut bacteria that link to host health. Studies of fungal communities in large cohorts are scarce; therefore, this study aims at obtaining more insight into the mycobiome of healthy individuals and how this mycobiome interacts with the bacterial component of the microbiome. For this purpose, ITS2 and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed on fecal samples from 163 individuals which were available from two separate studies to analyze the fungal and bacterial microbiome, respectively, as well as the cross-kingdom interactions. The results showed a much lower fungal, as compared to bacterial, diversity. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal phyla across all the samples, but levels varied enormously between individuals. The ten most abundant fungal genera were Saccharomyces, Candida, Dipodascus, Aureobasidium, Penicillium, Hanseniaspora, Agaricus, Debaryomyces, Aspergillus, and Pichia, and here also extensive inter-individual variation was observed. Correlations were made between bacteria and fungi, and only positive correlations were observed. One of the correlations was between Malassezia restricta and the genus Bacteroides, which have both been previously described as alleviated in IBD. Most of the other correlations found were with fungi that are not known as gut colonizers but originate from food and the environment. To further investigate the importance of the observed correlations found, more research is needed to discriminate between gut colonizers and transient species.

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Analysis of the Gut Mycobiome in Adult Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) with Increased Sensitivity—Pilot Study

Cited by 21 publications

References 42 publications

Gut Dysbiosis in Pancreatic Diseases: A Causative Factor and a Novel Therapeutic Target

Gut Dysbiosis in Pancreatic Diseases: A Causative Factor and a Novel Therapeutic Target

What is unknown in using microbiota as a therapeutic?

Fungal-Bacterial Interactions in the Human Gut of Healthy Individuals

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