Analysis of the Heel Pad Fat in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Resnick, Ronald B.; Hudgins, Lisa C.; Buschmann, William R.; Kummer, Frederick J.; Jahss, Melvin H.

doi:10.1177/107110079902000803

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Furthermore, in atrophic feet, collagen septa are found to be thicker, and also the adipose cells are smaller than healthy feet [22,24]. The amount of internal stress and strain depends on the structure of the heel (geometry) as well as on the material properties of the tissue and also the value and direction of force.…”

Section: The Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Viscoelasticity in Foot-Ground Interaction

Naemi¹,

Behforootan²,

Chatzistergos³

et al. 2016

Viscoelastic and Viscoplastic Materials

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Mechanical properties of the plantar soft tissue, which acts as the interface between the skeleton and the ground, play an important role in distributing the force underneath the foot and in influencing the load transfer to the entire body during weight-bearing activities. Hence, understanding the mechanical behaviour of the plantar soft tissue and the mathematical equations that govern such behaviour can have important applications in investigating the effect of disease and injuries on soft tissue function. The plantar soft tissue of the foot shows a viscoelastic behaviour, where the reaction force is not only dependent on the amount of deformation but also influenced by the deformation rate. This chapter provides an insight into the mechanical behaviour of plantar soft tissue during loading with specific emphasis on heel pad, which is the first point of contact during normal gait. Furthermore, the methods of assessing the mechanical behaviour including the in vitro/in situ and in vivo are discussed, and examples of creep, stress relaxation, rate dependency and hysteresis behaviour of the heel pad are shown. In addition, the viscoelastic models that represent the mechanical behaviour of the plantar soft tissue under load along with the equations that govern this behaviour are elaborated and discussed.

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Section: The Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Viscoelasticity in Foot-Ground Interaction

Naemi¹,

Behforootan²,

Chatzistergos³

et al. 2016

Viscoelastic and Viscoplastic Materials

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show abstract

“…28 Fat pad atrophy in the inferior heel diminishes shock absorbency, thus reducing the protection of the calcaneus. 29 For this reason, patients with heel pain symptoms show a lower strain in the symptomatic heel at the same compressive stress when compared to the asymptomatic heel. 30 Furthermore, a casecontrol study showed a correlation between US thickness of the plantar fascia and decreased fat pad energy dissipation measured by the hysteresis loop.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adipose tissue might play an active role in osteoarthritis and also be involved in various tendon pathologies, for example, Kager's fat pad in Achilles tendinopathy . Fat pad atrophy in the inferior heel diminishes shock absorbency, thus reducing the protection of the calcaneus . For this reason, patients with heel pain symptoms show a lower strain in the symptomatic heel at the same compressive stress when compared to the asymptomatic heel .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of plantar fasciitis

Broholm

Pingel

Simonsen

et al. 2017

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is used to visualize the microvascularization in various tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CEUS could be used to visualize the microvascular volume (MV) in the plantar fascia, and to compare the method to clinical symptoms and B-mode ultrasound (US) in patients with plantar fasciitis (PF). Twenty patients with unilateral PF were included and were divided by US in insertional thickening (10), midsubstance thickening (5), and no US changes (5). The MV was measured simultaneously in both heels. Four areas in the plantar fascia and plantar fat pad were measured independently by two observers. Inter- and intra-observer correlation analyses were performed. The asymptomatic heels showed a constantly low MV, and for the whole group of patients, a significantly higher MV was found in the symptomatic plantar fascia and plantar fat pad. Inter-observer correlation as well as intra-observer agreement was excellent. The MV in the plantar fascia and plantar fat pad can be measured reliably using CEUS, suggesting that it is a reproducible method to examine patients with plantar fasciitis.

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“…[6,45] Yağ yastığı-nın atrofisi romatoid artriti olan hastalarda da görüle-bilir. [46] Genel olarak bu hastalarda yumuşak, düzleşmiş ve kalkaneusun kolaylıkla palpe edildiği bir topuk mevcuttur. Plantar fasya hassas değildir ve ağrı tam topuk altında ve ortadadır.…”

Section: Plantar Topuk Ağrısıunclassified

Topuk ağrısı

Aşansu¹

2013

TOTBID

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Analysis of the Heel Pad Fat in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Viscoelasticity in Foot-Ground Interaction

Viscoelasticity in Foot-Ground Interaction

Applicability of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of plantar fasciitis

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