Analysis of theSalmonella fimgene cluster: Identification of a new gene (fimI) encoding a fimbrin-like protein and located downstream from thefimAgene

Rossolini, Gian María; Muscas, Patrizia; Chiesurin, Alessandra; Satta, G.

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06583.x

Cited by 29 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Solved crystal structures have shown the elongation complex fim D– fim H– fim G– fim F– fim C and the next subunit–chaperone complex of fim A– fim C in the chaperone–usher pathway. The 3D structure of fim A modelled on a fim H-G1 template indicates that the interface between the subunits contains small hydrophobic or polar residues such as alanine (A), serine (S) and threonine (T) 46 – 48 . This may provide an explanation for the revealed non-synonymous mutation at the N-terminus (S → P) of the predicted fim A structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole genome sequencing and protein structure analyses of target genes for the detection of Salmonella

Cao

Brown

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella is a critical step in routine food quality control, outbreak investigation, and food recalls. Although various genes have been the targets in the design of rapid molecular detection methods for Salmonella, there is limited information on the diversity of these target genes at the level of DNA sequence and the encoded protein structures. In this study, we investigated the diversity of ten target genes (invA, fimA, phoP, spvC, and agfA; ttrRSBCA operon including 5 genes) commonly used in the detection and identification of Salmonella. To this end, we performed whole genome sequencing of 143 isolates of Salmonella serotypes (Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Heidelberg) obtained from poultry (eggs and chicken). Phylogenetic analysis showed that Salmonella ser. Typhimurium was more diverse than either Enteritidis or Heidelberg. Forty-five non-synonymous mutations were identified in the target genes from the 143 isolates, with the two most common mutations as T ↔ C (15 times) and A ↔ G (13 times). The gene spvC was primarily present in Salmonella ser. Enteritidis isolates and absent from Heidelberg isolates, whereas ttrR was more conserved (0 non-synonymous mutations) than ttrS, ttrB, ttrC, and ttrA (7, 2, 2, and 7 non-synonymous mutations, respectively). Notably, we found one non-synonymous mutation (fimA-Mut.6) across all Salmonella ser. Enteritidis and Salmonella ser. Heidelberg, C → T (496 nt postion), resulting in the change at AA 166 position, Glutamine (Q) → Stop condon (TAG), suggesting that the fimA gene has questionable sites as a target for detection. Using Phyre2 and SWISS-MODEL software, we predicted the structures of the proteins encoded by some of the target genes, illustrating the positions of these non-synonymous mutations that mainly located on the α-helix and β-sheet which are key elements for maintaining the conformation of proteins. These results will facilitate the development of sensitive molecular detection methods for Salmonella.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole genome sequencing and protein structure analyses of target genes for the detection of Salmonella

Cao

Brown

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…The lack of fimbriae is caused by deleting any of the fimA, fimF, or fimH genes, highlighting their combined function in pilus formation (Zeiner, 2012). Though the exact process is yet unknown, there is conjecture that fimI is involved in controlling fimbrial length and adhesion (Rossolini et al, 1993). A diagrammatic depiction of fimbria biogenesis.…”

Section: Fimbriaementioning

confidence: 99%

Drugs, Vaccines and Druggable Targets of Salmonella Typhi

Ndezure,

Ibrahim,

Abugri

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Despite recent public health and hygiene advancements, enteric fever, commonly referred to as typhoid fever, remains a common disease in developing nations. The common mode of infection is contaminated water or food. Additionally, person-to-person transmission through poor hygiene and sewage contamination of water supplies has been blamed for most outbreaks. The exact burden of typhoid has yet to be discovered because of the lack of surveillance systems in many developing nations. This makes it difficult to estimate the number of cases. Recent studies have shown that the actual number of cases of typhoid has been estimated to be around 21.6 million annually. The mortality studies suggest that the incidence of typhoid is highest in children under five years old. Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever have been demonstrated to be life-threatening illnesses. Salmonella serotype Typhi (S. Typhi) is the causative organism of typhoid fever whereas Salmonella serotype Paratyphi is the causative organism for paratyphoid fever. The S. Typhi bacterium is known to be resistant to various drugs. There is a dire need to develop new drugs to treat and overcome the current drug-resistant S. Typhi. The identification of new targets marks the beginning of the process of developing new anti-S. Typhi drugs. The S. Typhic genome sequencing and recent cutting-edge molecular biology tools have led to the discovery of numerous new inhibitors and targets. The goal of this review is to identify the most critical targets in the S. Typhi that are targeted by drugs. It also highlights the various promising vaccines on the market or are still in preclinical studies. A detailed understanding of the targets could help researchers develop safer and more efficient antibacterial agents against S. Typhi.Additionally, the advancement of molecular techniques and the knowledge of the Salmonella pathogenesis pathways have opened better avenues to develop effective antibiotics and vaccines against this pathogen. This review also sought to identify and summarize critical structures of this pathogen that play significant roles in the maturation, development, and pathogenesis of S. Typhi. The endpoint of this work is to provide valuable information on potential therapeutic targets of S. Typhi for drug and vaccine developers.

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“…The fim genes exhibited some of the greatest increases in expression in SX 245 compared to SX 244 (|Log2FC ≥ 0.5|, FDR < 0.05). FimA, fimI, fimC, fimH, and fimF are structural genes necessary for type 1 fimbriae (T1F) production and are expressed in a single operon under the control of the fimA promoter region (Purcell et al, 1987;Rossolini et al, 1993). Salmonella contains several fimbriae across their surface which play a vital role in adhesion and invasion to establish colonization as well as maintain infection (van der Velden et al, 1998).…”

Section: Bacterial Transcriptomementioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and phenotypic comparison of two variants of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg isolated during the 2015–2017 multi-state outbreak in cattle

Burciaga,

Trachsel,

Sockett

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Heidelberg (Salmonella Heidelberg) has caused several multistate foodborne outbreaks in the United States, largely associated with the consumption of poultry. However, a 2015–2017 multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Heidelberg outbreak was linked to contact with dairy beef calves. Traceback investigations revealed calves infected with outbreak strains of Salmonella Heidelberg exhibited symptoms of disease frequently followed by death from septicemia. To investigate virulence characteristics of Salmonella Heidelberg as a pathogen in bovine, two variants with distinct pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns that differed in morbidity and mortality during the multistate outbreak were genotypically and phenotypically characterized and compared. Strain SX 245 with PFGE pattern JF6X01.0523 was identified as a dominant and highly pathogenic variant causing high morbidity and mortality in affected calves, whereas strain SX 244 with PFGE pattern JF6X01.0590 was classified as a low pathogenic variant causing less morbidity and mortality. Comparison of whole-genome sequences determined that SX 245 lacked ~200 genes present in SX 244, including genes associated with the IncI1 plasmid and phages; SX 244 lacked eight genes present in SX 245 including a second YdiV Anti-FlhC(2)FlhD(4) factor, a lysin motif domain containing protein, and a pentapeptide repeat protein. RNA-sequencing revealed fimbriae-related, flagella-related, and chemotaxis genes had increased expression in SX 245 compared to SX 244. Furthermore, SX 245 displayed higher invasion of human and bovine epithelial cells than SX 244. These data suggest that the presence and up-regulation of genes involved in type 1 fimbriae production, flagellar regulation and biogenesis, and chemotaxis may play a role in the increased pathogenicity and host range expansion of the Salmonella Heidelberg isolates involved in the bovine-related outbreak.

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Analysis of theSalmonella fimgene cluster: Identification of a new gene (fimI) encoding a fimbrin-like protein and located downstream from thefimAgene

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Whole genome sequencing and protein structure analyses of target genes for the detection of Salmonella

Whole genome sequencing and protein structure analyses of target genes for the detection of Salmonella

Drugs, Vaccines and Druggable Targets of Salmonella Typhi

Genomic and phenotypic comparison of two variants of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg isolated during the 2015–2017 multi-state outbreak in cattle

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