Analysis of the Impact of Production Lubricant Composition and Fuel Dilution on Stochastic Pre-Ignition in Turbocharged, Direct-Injection Gasoline Engines

Haenel, Patrick; Bruijn, Rob de; Tomazic, Dean; Kleeberg, Henning

doi:10.4271/2019-01-0256

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 49 publications

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“…In addition to part compatibility-e.g., seals, fuel lines, pumps, etc.-a vital aspect of correct internal combustion engine operation is its possible impact on lubrication. Since engine oil dilution with fuel and the resulting degradation of the lubricant is a known and well-researched phenomenon [11][12][13][14][15], engine oil compatibility with alternative fuels must be regarded with great care during the introduction of new fuel formulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Degradation Patterns in Diesel and Petrol Engines Observed in the Field—An Approach Applying Mass Spectrometry

Agocs,

Nagy,

Ristic

et al. 2023

Lubricants

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Engine oil degradation and tribological properties are strongly interrelated. Hence, understanding the chemical processes resulting in additive depletion and degradation products is necessary. In this study, in-service engine oils from petrol and diesel vehicles were analyzed with conventional and advanced methods (mass spectrometry). Additionally, the effect of the utilization profile (short- vs. long-range) was studied. Petrol engine oils generally showed accelerated antioxidant and antiwear degradation and higher oxidation, especially in the case of a short-range utilization profile, which can be attributed to the higher air-to-fuel ratio (more rich combustion) compared to diesel engines. A detailed overview of oxidation and nitration products, as well as degradation products resulting from zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate and boron ester antiwear additives, diphenylamine antioxidants and salicylate detergents is given. A side reaction between oxidation products (aromatic carboxylic acids) and the boron ester antiwear is highlighted. This reaction was only detected in the petrol engine oils, where the oxidation products were measured in a high abundance. However, no side reaction was found in the samples from the diesel vehicles, since there the aromatic carboxylic acids were largely absent due to lower oxidation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Degradation Patterns in Diesel and Petrol Engines Observed in the Field—An Approach Applying Mass Spectrometry

Agocs,

Nagy,

Ristic

et al. 2023

Lubricants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Oil Degradation Patterns in Diesel and Petrol Engines Observed in the Field – An Approach Applying Mass Spectrometry

Agocs,

Nagy,

Ristic

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Engine oil degradation and tribological properties are strongly interrelated. Hence, understanding the chemical processes resulting in additive depletion and degradation products is necessary. In this study, in-service engine oils from petrol and diesel vehicles were analyzed with conventional and advanced methods (mass spectrometry). Additionally, the effect of the utilization profile (short- vs. long-range) was studied. Petrol engine oils generally showed accelerated antioxidant and antiwear degradation and higher oxidation, especially in case of a short-range utilization profile, which can be attributed to the higher air-to-fuel ratio (more rich combustion) compared to diesel engines. A detailed overview of oxidation and nitration products, as well as degradation products resulting from zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate and boron ester antiwear additives, diphenylamine antioxidants and salicylate detergents is given. A side-reaction between oxidation products (aromatic carboxylic acids) and the boron ester antiwear is highlighted. This reaction was only detected in the petrol engine oils, where the oxidation products were measured in a high abundance. However, no side reaction was found in the samples from the diesel vehicle, since there the aromatic carboxylic acids were largely absent due to lower oxidation.

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Assessing the Impact of Lubricant and Fuel Composition on LSPI and Emissions in a Turbocharged Gasoline Direct Injection Engine

Kar¹,

Huisjen²,

Aradi³

et al. 2020

SAE Int. J. Adv. & Curr. Prac. in Mobility

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Downsized turbocharged gasoline direct injection (TGDI) engines with high specific power and torque can enable reduced fuel consumption in passenger vehicles while maintaining or even improving on the performance of larger naturally aspirated engines. However, high specific torque levels, especially at low speeds, can lead to abnormal combustion phenomena such as knock or Low-Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI). LSPI, in particular, can limit further downsizing due to resulting and potentially damaging mega-knock events. Herein, we characterize the impacts of lubricant and fuel composition on LSPI frequency in a TGDI engine while specifically exploring the correlation between fuel composition, particulate emissions, and LSPI events. Our research shows that: (1) oil composition has a strong impact on LSPI frequency and that LSPI frequency can be reduced through a carefully focused approach to lubricant formulation. In addition, (2) we observed significant improvement potential in Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP) achievable with zero LSPI events using both experimental and market-representative lubricant formulations. Finally, (3) fuels blended with high polyaromatic content were shown to increase LSPI frequency significantly; these fuels also caused a significant increase in particulate mass (PM) and particulate number (PN) emissions. In this paper, we discuss the above results along with the development and use of a high-fidelity test method to measure LSPI under steady-state test conditions.</div></div>

show abstract

Analysis of the Impact of Production Lubricant Composition and Fuel Dilution on Stochastic Pre-Ignition in Turbocharged, Direct-Injection Gasoline Engines

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Oil Degradation Patterns in Diesel and Petrol Engines Observed in the Field—An Approach Applying Mass Spectrometry

Oil Degradation Patterns in Diesel and Petrol Engines Observed in the Field—An Approach Applying Mass Spectrometry

Oil Degradation Patterns in Diesel and Petrol Engines Observed in the Field – An Approach Applying Mass Spectrometry

Assessing the Impact of Lubricant and Fuel Composition on LSPI and Emissions in a Turbocharged Gasoline Direct Injection Engine

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