Analysis of the Impact of a Photovoltaic Farm on Selected Parameters of Power Quality in a Medium-Voltage Power Grid

Abstract

Over the last few years, a dynamic increase in the installed capacity of distributed energy sources has been observed, with the largest share being photovoltaic sources. The power grid is a system of connected vessels, and changing the structure of electricity production has a specific impact on the operation of this network, which makes it necessary to study the impact of the sources on the power system. The current and projected increase in the number of connected installations will make the issues of interaction and cooperation of distributed sources with the network extremely important. The article presents an analysis of the impact of a photovoltaic farm on selected parameters of the quality of electricity supply. This analysis was made on the basis of simulation results in a computer program and measurement tests carried out on a real photovoltaic farm with a capacity of 1.8 MW connected to the medium voltage power grid. The impact of the farm-generated power on the values of fundamental indicators of the quality of electricity supply, such as voltage deviations, voltage asymmetry factors, and voltage distortions factors, is presented. These relationships were determined based on the correlation and regression analysis of individual electrical quantities.

Compensation of Budeanu’s Reactive and Complemented Reactive Currents in Extended Budeanu Theory in 3-Phase 4-Wire Systems Powered by Symmetrical Nonsinusoidal Voltage Source

“…The Y-structure compensator modifies the unbalanced admittance of the negative sequence and therefore also affects the negative-sequence unbalanced current. After recalculating the appropriate admittances, the solution of the equation for a delta-structure compensator, for harmonics of the positive sequence n = 3k + 1, is identical to that in Equation (33).…”

“…Due to the above assumptions and the information included in [20], the solution of the two equations relating to the reduction in the Budeanu reactive current, Budeanu complemented reactive current, and the zero-sequence unbalanced current, for harmonics of the positive sequence n = 3k + 1, we have to include both susceptances describing the Budeanu complemented reactive current ( ) The Y-structure compensator modifies the unbalanced admittance of the negative sequence and therefore also affects the negative-sequence unbalanced current. After recalculating the appropriate admittances, the solution of the equation for a delta-structure compensator, for harmonics of the positive sequence n = 3k + 1, is identical to that in Equation (33).…”

“…Another area where passive compensators find application is in renewable energy sources. Compensators, also known as LC filters, enhance the supply conditions of heat pumps, photovoltaic farms, or wind farms [32][33][34][35][36]. A final field where low-cost passive systems need to be applied to reduce the reactive power and correct the power conditions is the field of wireless power transmission (WPT) [37][38][39][40][41].…”

Budeanu’s Distortion Power Components Based on CPC Theory in Three-Phase Four-Wire Systems Supplied by Symmetrical Nonsinusoidal Voltage Waveforms

“…Renewable Energy Sources (RES) represent another domain where an accurate description of energy properties is crucial. Due to the possibility of single-phase and three-phase unbalanced systems, renewable sources contribute to increased load asymmetry [44][45][46][47][48] and the total harmonic distortion coefficient of voltage (THDU). Consequently, there is a growing need for a more precise depiction of the energy properties of such systems.…”