Analysis of the Impact of Selected Parameters of the Hybrid Extinguishing System on the Fire Environment in a Closed Room

Gałaj, Jerzy; Drzymała, T.; Wolny, Paweł

doi:10.3390/su11236867

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Structural reliability under fire conditions depends, e.g., on how long a non-charred core of construction elements is capable of preserving their load-bearing capacity and stiffness. Improved reliability may mean more time for evacuation, rescue and firefighting, including making a temporary stabilization of construction elements [18]. The construction industry uses the concept of structural reliability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Strength Reliability of Impregnated Wood after High Temperature Conditions

et al. 2020

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The paper presents the results of the research into the impact of impregnation of wood on its bending strength and elastic modulus under normal conditions and after thermal treatment and investigates its structural reliability. Pinewood, non-impregnated and pressure impregnated with a solution with SiO2 nanoparticles, was used in this research. The use of nanoparticles decreases the flammability of timber among others. Some of the tested samples were treated at 250 °C. This temperature corresponds to the boundary of the self-ignition of wood. This elevated temperature was assumed to be reached by a given speed of heating within 10 min, and then the samples were stored in these conditions for 10 and 20 min. The tests demonstrate that the bending strength of the impregnated wood was slightly improved, the impregnation did not impact the elastic modulus of the material in all such conditions, and the residual strength decreased less for the wood impregnated after being exposed to the elevated temperatures. The reliability analysis proves a positive effect of impregnation with a solution with SiO2 on the durability of wood, both after being exposed to normal and elevated temperatures. The distribution of the failure rates indicates a more intensive degradation of non-impregnated wood. The distribution of the survival function demonstrates a more probable non-destruction of impregnated wood after elevated temperature conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Strength Reliability of Impregnated Wood after High Temperature Conditions

et al. 2020

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“…V o can be determined from the pressure difference inside and outside the enclosure. The pressure difference inside and outside the enclosure can be seen in Equations ( 4) and (5).…”

Section: = −mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, the sprayed water mist cools the frame and surrounding gases, displacing oxygen through evaporation, and attenuating radiant heat with the fine droplets [1][2][3]. The hybrid system adds the extinguishing effect of the inert agent to the extinguishing effect of the existing water mist by including inert gases in the water mist [4][5][6]. However, water mist has disadvantages such as high installation costs and limitations in actual discharge testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on a Modified Model for the Hold Time of a Clean Extinguishing Agent

et al. 2021

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When estimating the theoretical hold time of a Clean Extinguishing Agent (CEA), the hold time is predicted using a leakage exponent and leakage characteristics that are measured through an Enclosure Integrity Test (EIT). In particular, the leakage exponent n is conventionally applied as 0.5, but recently, a variable exponent has been applied through measurement (approximately 0.48 to 0.85). When variable n is applied, the hold time varies greatly depending on the size of n. Therefore, in this study, a modified theoretical model for the hold time of a CEA is proposed to improve the accuracy of the hold time depending on the leakage exponent n. The modified theoretical model applies a different analysis of the inflow and outflow volumetric flow, and the results enable a more accurate hold time prediction. The modified theoretical equation shows an improvement of up to 8.6% for outflow volumetric flow V˙o and a maximum improvement of approximately 10.7% for hold time th.

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“…Emergency plans should include a number of worst-case scenarios, as their severity of consequence and dynamics are important, even if their probability is considered extremely low. After all, mitigation of risk at source must be aimed at reducing the potential hazard, the likelihood of accidents, limiting the consequences through appropriate organizational and technical systems [ 8 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], and by designing inherently safer processes [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Even in the power generation industry, which generally does not struggle with many different hazardous chemicals, accidents such as those in Chernobyl (1986) [ 22 ], Sayano-Shushenskaya (2009) [ 23 ], or Fukushima Daiichi (2011) [ 24 ] might be related not only to the technical but also managerial and safety culture issues [ 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology for the Determination of a Process Safety Culture Index and Safety Culture Maturity Level in Industries

Siuta

Kukfisz

Kuczyńska

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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A mature of safety culture is crucial to preventing and mitigating accidents, incidents, and unsafe behaviors in the process industry, so as to make it more sustainable and economically responsible. Measurement, investigation, and assessment of the safety culture using interviews, questionnaires, behavior observation, reviewing documentation, and its impact on the safety performances of an organization is complicated, challenging, and requires a commitment to all employees. The aim of this study was to propose a novel, unique semi-quantitative methodology for the determination of a total process safety culture index and parametric model of process safety culture maturity in an organization based on the Bradley model. The methodology includes a questionnaire concerning different process safety culture factors, calculation procedures, and a graphical tool. In addition, three quantitative survey indicators were proposed: indicators of direct communication, average communication time, and the applicability rate of the proposed changes by employees. A fully-developed total process safety culture index allows for identifying, hierarchizing, and benchmarking different factors of the safety culture among companies and sectors. Moreover, it will enable identifying the area of actions required to improve safety practices and elements applied to the organization analyzed. The proposed methodology was verified in a case study of one energy company with three locations in Poland and can be easily applied to different industrial fields, including logistics and warehousing, the food industry, the paper industry, security services, fire services, and environmental and other agencies.

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Analysis of the Impact of Selected Parameters of the Hybrid Extinguishing System on the Fire Environment in a Closed Room

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Mechanical Properties and Strength Reliability of Impregnated Wood after High Temperature Conditions

Mechanical Properties and Strength Reliability of Impregnated Wood after High Temperature Conditions

A Study on a Modified Model for the Hold Time of a Clean Extinguishing Agent

Methodology for the Determination of a Process Safety Culture Index and Safety Culture Maturity Level in Industries

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