Analysis of the Influence of Different Parameters on Droplet Characteristics and Droplet Size Classification Categories for Air Induction Nozzle

Liao, Juan; Luo, Xiwen; Wang, Pei; Zhou, Zhiyan; O’Donnell, Chris; Zhang, Ying; Hewitt, Andrew

doi:10.3390/agronomy10020256

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, when spray pressure of air induction nozzles was decreased from 5.0 to 2.5 bar, their performance was roughly halved with ED 90 responses that were significantly higher than air induction nozzles at 5 bar (+88-132%) and XR standard nozzles at 2.5 bar (+144-164%). The spray pressure effect on the performance of phenmedipham on 2-leaf stage plants of C. album can most likely be explained via the inverse relation between spray pressure and droplet diameter [25,34]. Decreasing the spray pressure of the air induction nozzles AI 11003, AVI TWIN 11003 and ID3 12003 from 5.0 to 2.5 bar increased the VMD by 16, 14 and 10%, D v0.1 by 16, 16 and 10% and D v0.9 by 13, 10 and 2%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Drift-Reducing Nozzles in Controlling Small Weed Seedlings with Contact Herbicides

De Cauwer,

De Meuter,

De Ryck

et al. 2023

Agronomy

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In many EU countries, spray applications should comply with increasingly stringent requirements regarding the drift reduction class of spray nozzles. Many farmers fear that the use of drift-reducing nozzles producing coarse droplet spectra may compromise the performance of contact herbicides on small weed targets. This study examined the effects of various ISO 03 drift-reducing flat-fan nozzles (pre-orifice and single and dual flat-fan air induction nozzles) differing in spray drift reduction class and spray pressure (2.5 bar, 5.0 bar) on (1) spray coverage, (2) droplet characteristics and (3) efficiency of contact herbicides bentazon and phenmedipham against cotyledon and 2-leaf stage plants of Chenopodium album and Solanum nigrum. Performance was compared to that of an ISO 03 standard flat-fan nozzle producing a finer droplet size spectrum. All sprayings were performed at a spray volume of 200 L ha−1. In most dose–response experiments, several drift-reducing flat-fan nozzles performed equally well as standard flat-fan nozzles, regardless of herbicide, spray pressure, growth stage or weed species. However, droplet size spectra of air-induction nozzles were too coarse for an adequate spray coverage and efficient application of contact herbicides on cotyledon stage plants of S. nigrum. In addition, the performance of air-induction nozzles in controlling difficult-to-wet C. album weeds with phenmedipham was better at 5.0 bar than at 2.5 bar. In contrast with droplet size characteristics, spray coverage characteristics determined on water sensitive papers were not good proxies for estimating the biological efficiency of contact herbicides. Air induction nozzles at 5.0 bar allow efficient control of 2-leaf targets, but nozzles emitting finer droplet spectra, such as pre-orifice nozzles, should be preferred for controlling cotyledon stage weeds at low-herbicide doses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Drift-Reducing Nozzles in Controlling Small Weed Seedlings with Contact Herbicides

De Cauwer,

De Meuter,

De Ryck

et al. 2023

Agronomy

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“…The propeller speed, pitch angle, wind velocity, and droplet diameter play a major role in the distribution characteristics of droplet deposition. In the case of wind, the flight height should be reduced and the droplet diameter should be increased [ 28 ]. However, under strong wind, the UAV plant protection operation should be avoided to ensure safety and spray effect.…”

Section: Simulation Deposition Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Variable Spray System for Plant Protection UAV Based on CFD Simulation and Regression Analysis

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for plant protection are widely used in China’s agricultural production. However, spray droplets often drift and distribute nonuniformly, thereby harming its utilization and the environment. A variable spray system is designed, discussed, and verified to solve this problem. The distribution characteristics of droplet deposition under different spray states (flight state, environment state, nozzle state) are obtained through computational fluid dynamics simulation. In the verification experiment, the wind velocity error of most sample points is less than 1 m/s, and the deposition ratio error is less than 10%, indicating that the simulation is reliable. A simulation data set is used to train support vector regression and back propagation neural network with multiple parameters. An optimal regression model with the root mean square error of 6.5% is selected. The UAV offset and nozzle flow of the variable spray system can be obtained in accordance with the current spray state by multi-sensor fusion and the predicted deposition distribution characteristics. The farmland experiment shows that the deposition volume error between the prediction and experiment is within 30%, thereby proving the effectiveness of the system. This article provides a reference for the improvement of UAV intelligent spray system.

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“…Creech et al (2015) determined that nozzle design and application pressure caused the most significant changes to spray droplet size. Increasing spray pressure reduces droplet size and may increase associated spray coverage (Liao et al 2020). As the distance between spray nozzles and the targeted pest, or "boom height," increases, spray deposition to the target decreases due to drift (Balsari et al 2007), and droplet velocities, especially of smaller droplets, also decrease (Goering et al 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing subcanopy leaf and stolon exposure and associated absorption and translocation of herbicides in semidormant zoysiagrass

Craft,

Godara,

Gonçalves

et al. 2023

Weed Sci

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Turfgrass managers are concerned about zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) injury from nonselective herbicide treatment during winter dormancy. Research was conducted to assess factors affecting spray penetration into semidormant ‘Meyer’ zoysiagrass canopies and to evaluate absorption and translocation of 14C-glyphosate and 14C-glufosinate into green leaves and subtending stolons. Absorption of 14C-glyphosate and 14C-glufosinate was up to four times greater when exposed to stolons than leaves. Zoysiagrass leaves treated with 14C-glufosinate had more rapid 14C absorption than those treated with 14C-glyphosate. More 14C translocated out of the treated area following 14C-glyphosate treatment compared to 14C-glufosinate, and moved more readily from stolon to leaves than from leaves to stolon. When extended range, flat fan spray tips (XR) were positioned 61-cm above zoysiagrass, 73% and 11% of recovered colorant was extracted from dormant vegetation in the upper and lower canopy levels. Turbo TeeJet spray tips (TTI) deposited less droplets into the upper canopy and more droplets into the middle and lower canopy regardless of position above the turf surface. Increasing pressure from 103 to 414 kPa increased droplet velocities from XR and TTI nozzles and decreased droplet diameters of XR nozzles. Droplet diameters were also substantially increased when using TTI nozzles compared to XR nozzles. Droplet diameter and associated mass were more determinant of turfgrass canopy penetration than droplet velocity. At 60 L ha-1 of carrier volume, 23% of colorant reached the lower canopy level, and this quantity increased by 2.3% per additional 100 L ha-1. When carrier volume was reduced from 584 to 60 L ha-1, 48% less colorant was delivered to the lower canopy level. Given that subcanopy stolons are always present and absorb more glyphosate and glufosinate than leaves, practices such as avoiding induction-type nozzles, raising spray height, and reducing spray volume can reduce herbicide delivery and potential injury to semidormant zoysiagrass.

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Analysis of the Influence of Different Parameters on Droplet Characteristics and Droplet Size Classification Categories for Air Induction Nozzle

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Performance of Drift-Reducing Nozzles in Controlling Small Weed Seedlings with Contact Herbicides

Performance of Drift-Reducing Nozzles in Controlling Small Weed Seedlings with Contact Herbicides

Design of Variable Spray System for Plant Protection UAV Based on CFD Simulation and Regression Analysis

Factors influencing subcanopy leaf and stolon exposure and associated absorption and translocation of herbicides in semidormant zoysiagrass

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