Analysis of the influence of soldering parameters on multi-layer ceramic capacitor vibration

Wang, Yiqi; Ko, Byung-Han; Jeong, Sanggeuk; Park, Kyoung‐Su; Park, No−Cheol; Park, Young−Pil

doi:10.1007/s00542-015-2493-8

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Wand et al [ 6 ] chose to construct a three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) of an MLCC. They neglected the capacitor fillets due to the insignificant influence on the MLCC vibration and, as hundreds of dielectric layers are present in the capacitor structure, they simplified the model with fewer layers but similar vibration performance.…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“Singing” Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors and Mitigation Methods—A Review

Covaci

Gontean

2022

Sensors

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Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors (MLCC) have a major role in modern electronic devices due to their small price and size, large range of capacitance, small ESL and ESR, and good frequency response. Unfortunately, the main dielectric material used for MLCCs, Barium Titanate, makes the capacitors vibrate due to the piezoelectric and electrostrictive effects. This vibration is transferred to the PCB, making it resonate in the audible range of 20 Hz–20 kHz, and in this way the singing capacitors phenomenon occurs. This phenomenon is usually measured with a microphone, to measure the sound pressure level, or with a Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV), to measure the vibration. Besides this, other methods are mentioned in the literature, for example, the optical fiber and the active excitation method. There are several solutions to attenuate or even eliminate the acoustic noise caused by MLCC. Specially designed capacitors for low acoustic levels and different layout geometries are only two options found in the literature. To prevent the singing capacitor phenomenon, different simulations can be performed, the harmonic analysis being the most popular technique. This paper is an up-to-date review of the acoustic noise caused by MLCCs in electronic devices, containing measurements methodologies, solutions, and simulation methods.

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Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main advantages of the MLCCs are their small size and price [ 6 ]. Despite their small size, they have large capacitance and favorable electrical characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Singing” Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors and Mitigation Methods—A Review

Covaci

Gontean

2022

Sensors

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“…When the vibration of the MLCC contains frequency components that correspond to any of the natural frequencies of the circuit board that are within the audible frequency range (ie, 20–20 000 Hz), acoustic noise is generated from the resonances . Such acoustic noise is undesirable and several attempts have been made to reduce the vibrations that lead to this noise . However, it is still difficult to analyze and predict the vibration of an MLCC because little information is available about the material properties of the BT used in MLCCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Such acoustic noise is undesirable and several attempts have been made to reduce the vibrations that lead to this noise. [3][4][5] However, it is still difficult to analyze and predict the vibration of an MLCC because little information is available about the material properties of the BT used in MLCCs. Those BTs differ from pure BT because some additives (such as MgO, used to control the temperature dependency of the dielectric constant) are added to improve the electrical characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the electromechanical material properties of a multilayer ceramic capacitor

Jeong

Kim

et al. 2017

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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A multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) vibrates when an electrical signal containing an alternating current (AC) component is applied to it. The piezoelectric and electrostrictive coefficients of the dielectric layer are needed to analyze such vibrations because both affect the vibration. Also, they must be determined for various direct current (DC) biases because an MLCC is operated with various electrical signals and the coefficients vary as the DC bias changes. We determined the coefficients by measuring the vibration of an MLCC under a range of DC biases. When a single‐frequency AC voltage is applied to an MLCC, it vibrates with both fundamental and second‐harmonic frequencies because of piezoelectricity and electrostriction. These frequencies were measured and separated into their piezoelectric and electrostrictive components to derive the piezoelectric and electrostrictive coefficients. Because of the difficulty of calculating the coefficients, a finite element (FE) method was adopted in consideration of the complicated structure of the MLCC. The derived piezoelectric coefficients were cross‐checked and verified by impact testing. The electrostrictive vibration component was greater than the piezoelectric one except when the applied DC electric field was near zero. This showed that both piezoelectricity and electrostriction must be considered in vibrational analyses of MLCCs.

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“…Laps et al showed that the lead frame capacitors provided low‐noise characteristics at low cost and with high robustness against board flexure . Wang et al analyzed the influence of solder shape on the vibration of MLCCs, and suggested an improved shape to reduce vibration and acoustic noise . Lin et al studied ways to enhance the piezoelectricity of MLCCs using a simple repoling process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of electromechanical properties of multilayer ceramic capacitors for vibration reduction

Ohm

Kim

et al. 2017

J Am Ceram Soc

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A multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) contains layers of ceramics as the dielectric materials. It has been known that Class 2 MLCCs, made of ferroelectric ceramics such as barium titanate, tend to suffer from electromechanical coupling hence vibration, which leads to the generation of acoustic humming noise, a source of annoyance in many modern electronic devices. In this article, a repoling method to control the electromechanical properties and the resulting vibration of MLCCs is presented. The repoling protocol hinges on the understanding that two independent mechanisms are responsible for the electromechanical coupling in MLCCs: piezoelectricity and electrostriction of the ceramic layers. The vibration due to piezoelectricity is linearly proportional to the input voltage, whereas the vibration due to electrostriction shows a quadratic dependence. Given the DC bias and the AC input voltage under normal operating conditions, the vibration is composed of the fundamental component at the frequency of the AC input and the second harmonic component spawned by the quadratic nonlinearity of electrostriction. It is demonstrated that by engineering the coefficients of piezoelectricity and electrostriction of the ceramic layers through a carefully designed repoling treatment, vibration reduction can be achieved for both the fundamental and second harmonic components. Especially, the fundamental component of vibration can be reduced significantly, as the piezoelectric effect is made to offset the electrostrictive effect. K E Y W O R D S electromechanical properties, electrostriction, multilayer capacitor, piezoelectric materials/properties

show abstract

Analysis of the influence of soldering parameters on multi-layer ceramic capacitor vibration

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

“Singing” Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors and Mitigation Methods—A Review

“Singing” Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors and Mitigation Methods—A Review

Identification of the electromechanical material properties of a multilayer ceramic capacitor

Control of electromechanical properties of multilayer ceramic capacitors for vibration reduction

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