Analysis of the KPLO magnetic cleanliness for the KMAG instrument

Park, Hyeonhu; Jin, Ho; Kim, T.Y.; Kim, K.H.; Lee, H.J.; Shin, Jong Hoon; Jang, Yunho; Jo, Woohyun

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2021.11.015

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Additionally, Park et al. (2022) used Magpylib to evaluate the magnetic cleanliness of the Korean Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO) satellite. In this work we simulate both AC and DC interference, but do not take any conductive materials into account.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAGPRIME: An Open‐Source Library for Benchmarking and Developing Interference Removal Algorithms for Spaceborne Magnetometers

Hoffmann,

Moldwin,

Imajo

et al. 2024

Earth and Space Science

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Magnetometers are essential instruments in space physics, but their measurements are often contaminated by various external interference sources. In this work, we present a comprehensive review of existing magnetometer interference removal methods and introduce MAGPRIME (MAGnetic signal PRocessing, Interference Mitigation, and Enhancement), an open‐source Python library featuring a collection of state‐of‐the‐art interference removal algorithms. MAGPRIME streamlines the process of interference removal in magnetic field data by providing researchers with an integrated, easy‐to‐use platform. We detail the design, structure, and functionality of the library, as well as its potential to facilitate future research by enabling rapid testing and customization of interference removal methods. Using the MAGPRIME Library, we present two Monte Carlo benchmark results to compare the efficacy of interference removal algorithms in different magnetometer configurations. In Benchmark A, the Underdetermined Blind Source Separation (UBSS) and traditional gradiometry algorithms surpass the uncleaned boom‐mounted magnetometers, achieving improved correlation and reducing median error in each simulation. Benchmark B tests the efficacy of the suite of MAGPRIME algorithms in a boomless magnetometer configuration. In this configuration, the UBSS algorithm proves to significantly reduce median error, along with improvements in median correlation and signal to noise ratio. This study highlights MAGPRIME's potential in enhancing magnetic field measurement accuracy in various spacecraft designs, from traditional gradiometry setups to compact, cost‐effective alternatives like bus‐mounted CubeSat magnetometers, thus establishing it as a valuable tool for researchers and engineers in space exploration and magnetism studies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAGPRIME: An Open‐Source Library for Benchmarking and Developing Interference Removal Algorithms for Spaceborne Magnetometers

Hoffmann,

Moldwin,

Imajo

et al. 2024

Earth and Space Science

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“…To identify a spacecraft-generated magnetic field, we used the dataset from the three magnetometers installed inside the boom and a magnetoresistance sensor inside the spacecraft body [14]. In general, a spacecraft-generated magnetic field is reduced according to the distance from the center of the spacecraft, and the dependence on distance is also confirmed under the condition of multiple magnetic sources inside the spacecraft, as suggested by Park et al [15].…”

Section: Of 16mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, assuming that each disturbance magnetic field is the dipole field from Equation (2), the summation of all the disturbances shows a dependence on the distance of the sensors from the spacecraft body, similar to the centered dipole approximation. In previous studies, by using multi-sensors, it is reported that the artificial disturbance can be defined with dependence on the sensor position, without considering the number and position of the disturbance sources [2,15]. Therefore, if the interference measured by each sensor shows a dependence on the distance of the sensor from the spacecraft when the spacecraft is maneuvering, the artificial disturbance can be efficiently removed by using the variances between the two sensors.…”

Section: Elimination Of Artificial Disturbancementioning

confidence: 99%

Correction of Spacecraft Magnetic Field Noise: Initial Korean Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter MAGnetometer Observation in Solar Wind

Lee,

Jin,

Kim

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The Korean Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO)-MAGnetometer (KMAG) consists of three triaxial fluxgate sensors (MAG1, MAG2, and MAG3) that measure the magnetic field around the Moon. The three sensors are mounted in the order MAG3, MAG2, and MAG1 inside a 1.2 m long boom, away from the satellite body. Before it arrived on the Moon, we compared the magnetic field measurements taken by DSCOVR and KPLO in solar wind to verify the measurement performance of the KMAG instrument. We found that there were artificial disturbances in the KMAG measurement data, such as step-like and spike-like disturbances, which were produced by the spacecraft body. To remove spacecraft-generated disturbances, we applied a multi-sensor method, employing the gradiometer technique and principal component analysis, using KMAG magnetic field data, and confirmed the successful elimination of spacecraft-generated disturbances. In the future, the proposed multi-sensor method is expected to clean the magnetic field data measured onboard the KPLO from the lunar orbit.

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“…The instrument specifications and performance are described in a previous paper (Lee et al 2021). In the design stage, the magnetic cleanliness requirement was insufficient to obtain clean observation, and the boom length was also relatively short because of the limitations of mass and volume (Park et al 2022). Therefore, KMAG has three fluxgate sensors installed inside the boom to use a multi-sensing technique.…”

Section: The Kmag Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter Magnetometer Instrument and Initial Data Processing

Jo,

Jin,

Park

et al. 2023

J. Astron. Space Sci.

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The Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO), the first South Korea lunar exploration probe, successfully arrived at the Moon on December, 2022 (UTC), following a 4.5-month ballistic lunar transfer (BLT) trajectory. Since the launch (4 August, 2022), the KPLO magnetometer (KMAG) has carried out various observations during the trans-lunar cruise phase and a 100 km altitude lunar polar orbit. KMAG consists of three fluxgate magnetometers capable of measuring magnetic fields within a ± 1,000 nT range with a resolution of 0.2 nT. The sampling rate is 10 Hz. During the originally planned lifetime of one year, KMAG has been operating successfully while performing observations of lunar crustal magnetic fields, magnetic fields induced in the lunar interior, and various solar wind events. The calibration and offset processes were performed during the TLC phase. In addition, reliabilities of the KMAG lunar magnetic field observations have been verified by comparing them with the surface vector mapping (SVM) data. If the KPLO’s mission orbit during the extended mission phase is close enough to the lunar surface, KMAG will contribute to updating the lunar surface magnetic field map and will provide insights into the lunar interior structure and lunar space environment.

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Analysis of the KPLO magnetic cleanliness for the KMAG instrument

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

MAGPRIME: An Open‐Source Library for Benchmarking and Developing Interference Removal Algorithms for Spaceborne Magnetometers

MAGPRIME: An Open‐Source Library for Benchmarking and Developing Interference Removal Algorithms for Spaceborne Magnetometers

Correction of Spacecraft Magnetic Field Noise: Initial Korean Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter MAGnetometer Observation in Solar Wind

Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter Magnetometer Instrument and Initial Data Processing

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