Analysis of the mechanical composite properties of ii-chamber variations in the closed injection pultrusion process

Strauß, Sebastian; Boysen, Simon; Senz, Andreas; Wilhelm, Frederik; Rilli, Niko

doi:10.25518/esaform21.970

Cited by 2 publications

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“…It avoids the potentially dangerous direct contact between the resin and the surrounding working environment. Indeed, the resin is injected through the dry fiber inside a converging chamber bolted at the die entrance [371,372].…”

Section: Pultrusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in composite forming through 25 years of ESAFORM

et al. 2022

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The increase in the number of structural applications of composite materials, especially in the aerospace and automotive industries, has led to a demand for robust models to simulate composite forming processes. The mechanical behaviour of composite materials during forming is relatively complex due to their fibre-matrix composition. Many research studies have been conducted in the past 25-plus years into experimental methods for the characterization of the mechanical behaviours that are exhibited by textile-reinforced composite material systems during forming and into the development of material models to be used in computer codes for forming simulations. These studies have been presented and discussed in the ESA-FORM conferences since 1997 and especially in the 'Composite Forming Processes' mini-symposium launched in 2001. This article presents a survey of the research carried out in this context. Mechanical characterization tests specific to composite forming are presented as well as recent analysis techniques such as digital image correlation and X-ray tomography. Threedimensional mechanical behaviour laws, in particular hypo-and hyperelastic, have been developed and extended to second gradient models. Specific shell approaches have been presented and their application to wrinkling analysis. Resin flow and permeability analysis is another area of research in composite forming processes which are discussed in this article. Research on certain processes is also presented, in particular thermoforming of thermoplastic composites, wet compression moulding, pultrusion, automated fibre placement and three-dimensional printing. This comprehensive review of the works of multiple research groups is a recognition of the breadth and depth of efforts that have been invested into the understanding of the manufacturability of textile-reinforced composite materials.

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Section: Pultrusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in composite forming through 25 years of ESAFORM

et al. 2022

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“…A caterpillar haul-off ensures a constant motion that continuously draws the cured laminate at a pulling speed of 0.3 m/min. The pulling speed was chosen according to previous studies [ 41 , 86 ]. The pulling force was not measured during the trials.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study presents the results of the CIP investigation based on the systematic variation of three variables affecting the ii-chamber: the process-adjustable viscosity of the resin, the opening angle of the ii-chamber, and the opening factor at the injection point, as well as their influence on the resulting process pressure in the ii-chamber and the pultrusion die [ 40 , 41 ]. The stages of the two mold-based influencing variables (opening angle and opening factor at the injection point) were chosen on the basis of the known CIP literature relating to polyurethane (PU) systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Simulative Analysis of the Pressure Development in a Closed Injection Pultrusion Process with Multiple Chamber Geometries

et al. 2023

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The use of innovative higher-performance highly reactive resin systems requires an enhancement of the established method of fiber impregnation (open bath) towards closed resin-injection pultrusion (CIP), due to the short pot life of the resin systems. The result is that the open bath is developed into a closed injection and impregnation chamber (“ii-chamber”). In this study, three parameters—resin viscosity, opening angle and opening factor at the injection point on the ii-chamber—are varied, each in three stages. For each set of parameters, a pultrusion trial is conducted and the process pressures in the ii-chamber and pultrusion die measured. This enables direct feedback via the process conditions of the as yet uncured composite. The data obtained are used to validate a newly developed simulation model. The model is based on Darcy’s law, which has been extended to take fiber movement into account and thus represent the resulting pressure increase in the die. The flexible ii-chamber and die concept enhance our understanding of the processes taking place in the die system. The sensitivity of the process pressures can be shown for the three influencing variables. The experiment shows that of the three influencing variables investigated, viscosity has the greatest sensitivity to pressure development. In general, it can be said that over the length of the pultrusion die system, the pressure level increases across the three measuring points.

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Analysis of the mechanical composite properties of ii-chamber variations in the closed injection pultrusion process

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Advances in composite forming through 25 years of ESAFORM

Advances in composite forming through 25 years of ESAFORM

Experimental and Simulative Analysis of the Pressure Development in a Closed Injection Pultrusion Process with Multiple Chamber Geometries

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