Analysis of the microbial flora in breast abscess: a retrospective cohort study conducted in the emergency department

Ramakrishnan, Ramya; Trichur, R.V.; Murugesan, Sowmya; Cattamanchi, Srihari

doi:10.18203/2349-2902.isj20172599

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The most common bacterium found in breast abscess secretion culture was Staphylococcus aureus, which coincides with our findings 15, 23-28 . Various other studies also reported MRSA in breast abscess secretion culture which is similar to our study 25,27 . A lactational breast abscess is usually bacterial in etiology and can be effectively managed with oral antibiotics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The prevalence and predisposing factors of mastitis in lactating mothers in puerperium

Dutta¹,

Gowder²

2018

OBGYN

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Objectives: To study the prevalence, evaluate the predisposing factors and know the etiological factors associated with mastitis in lactating mothers during puerperium. Materials and methods: A prospective study was performed from January 1 st , 2014 to December 31 st , 2015. Data were collected from patients admitted in the postnatal ward with benign breast problems by preformatted questionnaires. Breast milk cultures were done to evaluate the etiological factors. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Results: The overall prevalence of puerperal mastitis among lactating mothers was 5.1%, high among caesarean section patients (5.8%) compared to vaginally delivered patients (4.8%). The predisposing factors include primipara (57%), unbooked cases (57%), low socioeconomic status (49%), anemic patients (45%), breast engorgement (75%), cracked nipple (44%), retracted/flat/inverted nipple (13%), poor attachment of baby to breast (32%), infrequent removal of milk (7%), oversupply of breast milk (37.5%) and lower supply of breast milk(12.5%). Breast milk culture reports yielded growth of Staphylococcus aureus (75%) and MRSA (25%). Seven patients developed breast abscess (4.4%). Conclusion: It is recommended to educate the mothers and the family on the exclusive breast feeding practice and its benefits, demand feeding, optimal positioning and attachment of the baby, to provide adequate emotional support and access to skilled help in the early postpartum period.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The prevalence and predisposing factors of mastitis in lactating mothers in puerperium

Dutta¹,

Gowder²

2018

OBGYN

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“…Milk stasis can facilitate the development of lactational mastitis which, together with the gastrointestinal and skin microbiota of the mother and infant, increases the risk of appearance of it (19), however, the most frequent etiological causes of lactational and non-lactational mastitis are led by grampositive organisms (9). In the Asian continent, Staphylococcus aureus was the leading etiologic cause of non-lactating breast infections (8,84). In this review, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was responsible for the most cases, and although tuberculous mastitis was first described in the 19th century (85) and is considered a rare clinical presentation, it is estimated to occur in up to 4% of patients in endemic countries (86), suggesting the persistence of tuberculosis in the Americas as a public health problem, and since many articles conducted in the Americas focus on tuberculous or granulomatous mastitis (6,12,87), it is not surprising that M. tuberculosis figures as an important cause of NLIM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonlactational or non-puerperal infectious mastitis (NLIM) can becaused by different infectious agents (6,7). Staphylococcus is the main genus of bacteria associated with non-lactational infectious mastitis (8,9), and up to 30% may be polymicrobial (associated, for example, with Enterobacteriaceae, Peptostreptococcus, Propionibacterium, and Bacteroides) (10). Mycobacterium tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and Corynebacterium spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-lactational Infectious Mastitis in the Americas: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Background: Non-lactational infectious mastitis (NLIM) is an inflammatory breast disease with broad clinical presentation. Inadequate treatment can lead to chronic infections that cause breast deformities. NLIM information is limited, especially in the Americas. A systematic review and meta-analysis have been conducted here.Methods: Literature search was conducted in three databases (Lilacs, PubMed, and Scielo) on NLIM cases in the Americas. Demographic, epidemiological, clinical, radiological, and laboratory data were extracted. The main characteristics and results were also compared according to the country's gross national income.Results: A total of 47 articles were included, resulting in 93 cases. The etiological agent was described in 86 (92.5%) patients. Bacteria were the most prevalent etiology (73; 84.8%). Amongst bacterial diagnoses, more frequent cases were Mycobacterium tuberculosis (28; 38.4%); Corynebacterium spp. (15; 20.5%); non-tuberculous mycobacteria (13; 17.8%). The cases were reported in eight different countries, with the USA being the country with the highest number of cases (35; 37.6%). Patients from high-income countries group presented a shorter diagnostic time when compared to low, low-middle, and upper-middle-income countries. A greater number of radiographic studies with pathological findings were described in high-income countries.Conclusion: Non-lactational infectious mastitis is a complex public health problem with diagnostic and treatment challenges. Hence, multi-professional approach-based additional studies are recommended on its epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control.

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“…Pérez, Orta, Padilla, and Mesquida (2013) have pointed out the rising frequency of CA-MRSA in puerperal infection (e.g., mastitis, abscesses, and wound infections). The incidence of S. aureus in puerperal mastitis has been reported around 40% to 50% (Contreras & Rodríguez, 2011), rising to 67% to 84% in the presence of breast abscesses (Ramakrishnan, Trichur, Murugesan, & Cattamanchi, 2017). However, data on MRSA incidence have been mostly reported in abscess cases, with great variability in different geographical areas (less than 5% in United Kingdom, 60% in United States).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Staphylococcus aureus in Mastitis

et al. 2019

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Background: Breastfeeding women are at risk of developing mastitis during the lactation period. Staphylococcus aureus has emerged as the community-acquired pathogen responsible for virulence (methicillin resistance and Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin producing). Research aim: The aim was to compare the microorganisms responsible for mastitis and breast abscesses during breastfeeding. Methods: This observational study was conducted with a sample of women ( N = 60) admitted to our hospital between 2016 and 2018. Participants affected by mastitis and breast abscess were studied and cared for by a multidisciplinary working group. A diagnostic breast ultrasound identified the pathology. Results: Twenty-six participants (43.3%) were affected by mastitis and 34 (56.7%) by breast abscess. The most common microorganism identified was Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus; mastitis, n = 13; abscesses, n = 24). Methicillin resistance was identified in 21 (44.7%) S. aureus strains: 17 (80.9%) cases of abscess and four (19.1%) cases of mastitis. The median number of months of breastfeeding was smaller in the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) cases (median = 3, range = 1–20 months) than in the methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) cases (median = 6.5, range = 3–21 months). The Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin gene was detected in 12 (25.5%) cases (MRSA, n = 8, 66.7%; MSSA, n = 4, 33.3%). Hospitalization was required more frequently in MRSA ( n = 8, 38%; five Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive) than in MSSA cases ( n = 5, 19%; one Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive). Four women out of the eight MRSA cases (50%) that were Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive stopped breastfeeding during mammary pathologies, three (37.5%) participants continued breastfeeding until the follow-up recall, and one case was lost at follow-up. Conclusion: Clinical severity was probably complicated by the presence of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin, which required hospitalization more frequently.

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Analysis of the microbial flora in breast abscess: a retrospective cohort study conducted in the emergency department

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

The prevalence and predisposing factors of mastitis in lactating mothers in puerperium

The prevalence and predisposing factors of mastitis in lactating mothers in puerperium

Non-lactational Infectious Mastitis in the Americas: A Systematic Review

The Role of Staphylococcus aureus in Mastitis

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