Analysis of the optical characteristics of adipose tissue in vitro sensitized by indocyanine green and exposed to IR-laser irradiation

Measurement of tissue optical properties in the context of tissue optical clearing

“…The enhanced porosity of adipose cell membrane for ICGmediated PDT was studied in vitro. 269,270 The hypothesis of PDT-induced pore formation is in good agreement with the experimental results. Figure 24 shows the transmittance white light images of ICG-stained subcutaneous fat tissue sample (a) before and (b)-(e) after 1-min irradiation by CW 808-nm diode laser with the power density of 250 mW∕cm 2 .…”

“…53 Due to the RI matching, the tissue sample becomes optically more homogeneous and more transparent to light. 253,255,[266][267][268] Figure 22 shows a series of two-dimensional (2-D) 269 and 3-D images illustrating the alteration of optical properties of ICGsensitized and then laser irradiated [underwent photodynamic treatment (PDT)] AT sample that was kept at the temperature of 41°C during a prolonged observation. It can be seen that: (i) brightness (optical transmittance) variations are predominantly characteristic to the intercellular space and (ii) optical transmittance becomes homogeneous over the image area with a long-time elapsed after 1-min laser exposure.…”

“…PDT action for ICG-sensitized and laser irradiated sample of subcutaneous human fat tissue: 2-D microscopic white light images (left upper corner) of the selected adipocyte area269 and corresponding 3-D representation of brightness images for transmitted light through 150-μm-thick sample, (a) before and (b)-(f) after 1-min irradiation by a continuous wave (CW) diode laser (808 nm) with the power density of 250 mW∕cm 2 . The time interval between the image recording and the end of light exposure is (b) 10 min, (c) 16 min, (d) 26 min, (e) 30 min, and (f) 37 min.…”