Analysis of the phenotype and phagocytic activity of monocytes/macrophages from cattle infected with the bovine leukaemia virus

Bovine leukemia virus: A major silent threat to proper immune responses in cattle

“…The decreased MFIs and prevalence of monocytes or macrophages expressing these surface receptors would indicate a deficiency in their function. In line with this, monocytes isolated from AL cattle have significantly decreased phagocytic activity against E. coli when compared to monocytes from uninfected cattle (Werling et al, 1998). However, monocytes cultured in the presence of exogenous BLV do not exhibit altered surface expression of CD11b, CD32 or MHCII (Altreuther et al, 2001), indicating that deficiencies in monocyte or macrophage function are likely not a result of direct BLV infection within those cell types.…”

“…These data suggest that while more monocytes are expressing CD11b and MHCII, each cell is expressing less of the two proteins than cells from uninfected cattle. After culture to produce monocyte-derived macrophages, macrophages from AL cattle have a significantly reduced percentage of cells expressing both CD11b and CD14 (Werling et al, 1998). These surface receptors are useful markers for monocyte and macrophage function: CD11b is important for cellular adhesion and migration (Solovjov et al, 2005), CD32 is a B cell coreceptor that is important for regulating antibody levels (Veri et al, 2007), MHCII will present antigens to CD4+ T cells, and CD14 is a coreceptor that detects LPS.…”

Coxiella burnetii Infects Primary Bovine Macrophages and Limits Their Host Cell Response

“…Bovine MDM were isolated following an established protocol (33)(34)(35). Briefly, a citrated whole-blood sample (5:1 diluted with 3.8% sodium citrate solution) was centrifuged (2,380 ϫ g, 20 min), and the buffy coat was collected.…”

The role of antigen presenting cells in multiple sclerosis

“…Upon encountering myelin antigen, they mature and travel to lymph nodes where they present antigen to naïve T cells [8, 9]. T cell activation and survival requires two signals from APCs: antigen presentation by the major histocompatibility complex [10] to the T cell receptor [11] and a secondary signal provided by the interaction of co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86 with CD28 on T cells. During activation, T cell differentiation into mature effector CD4 + T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg) depends on the cytokines produced by APCs [12].…”