Analysis of the Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Quality of Imabolo Stream Water in Ankpa Urban Area of Kogi State, Nigeria

Abstract

The non-functional public water supply in most urban areas has compelled residents to resort to the use of stream water for

Comparative Assessment of Physicochemical Characteristics, Metal Levels and Anion Contents of Water from Different Aquatic Environments in Ebonyi State

“…In conformity to our results, Odikamnoro et al [48] reported a pH value of 7.67 ± 0.06mgL -1 in borehole water samples from Abakaliki capital city. Michael et al [33] reported a ph value of 7.50 ± 0.22 in water samples collected in Ankpa urban area of Kogi State. John [34] reported a mean pH of 8.10 ± 0.10.…”

“…Ndamitso et al [36] in their study reported that chemical oxygen demand in water samples from Minna in Niger State ranged from 104.00 ± 2.00 to 206.53 ± 3.20mg/dm 3 . Michael et al [33] reported an average chemical oxygen demand level of 8.6 ± 2.52mgL -1 in Kogi State. Nwali et al [31] reported that chemical oxygen demand values for freshwater samples ranged from 0.03mgL -1 (Ope-ekwe) to 4.80mgL -1 (Ikwo-ihie).…”

“…Water samples with the biochemical oxygen demand less than 4.00mg/l -1 are considered clean [32]. Michael [33] in a related research, reported an average biochemical oxygen demand level of 9.90 ± 4.78mgL -1 in Kogi State. Nwali et al [31] reported that observed biochemical oxygen demand values in both fresh waters are 0.03mgL -1 (Ope-ekwe) and 30.50mgL -1 (Ikwo-ihie).…”

“…In the same line of study, Olaniyan et al [57] obtained a mean temperature in the range of 23.40 to 26.00°C Nwali et al [32] in their study reported a temperature of 25.46 ± 1.27 0 c and 25.73 ± 0.02 0 c in water samples from fresh water bodies. In Abakaliki local government area John [33] reported a mean temperature of 32.00 ± 0.10 0 C. Also, Agbazue et al [58] and Aliyu et al [59] reported the temperature range of 28.52 ± 1.12 to 28.27 ± 1.29 0 C from Oro-Obor and Ayo Rivers in Enugu South, Enugu State, Nigeria and 27.70 ± 0.76 to 27.95 ± 0.68 0 C from four sampling stations of Udu River, Warri, Nigeria.…”

Seasonal Variations in Imabolo Stream Water Quality in Ankpa Urban Area of Kogi State, Nigeria

“…The WQI from the stations showed that the status water in the stream can be ranked as medium for all the stations except Kogi State College of Education Area and Transportation land-use zones that revealed bad status in terms of water quality categorization during this season. The water quality index among stations was in the pattern S1>S2>S3>S4>S5<S6>S7 which showed the decrease in the quality of water down the stream channel [32]. The decrease in value along stations is a reflection of different types of pollutants entering the stream due to various activities such as discharge of domestic sewage, runoff water from agricultural lands near the banks of the stream (see Table 4).…”