Analysis of the population structure of a gorgonian forest (Placogorgia sp.) using a photogrammetric 3D modeling approach at Le Danois Bank, Cantabrian Sea

Mortality, Population and Community Dynamics of the Glass Sponge Dominated Community “The Forest of the Weird” From the Ridge Seamount, Johnston Atoll, Pacific Ocean

“…With the advent of high-resolution ROV cameras and highpowered computers, it is now possible to reconstruct entire benthic communities using photogrammetry to centimeter or millimeter scale (Robert et al, 2017(Robert et al, , 2020Baker et al, 2019;Prado et al, 2019;Price et al, 2019), so providing greater accuracy and resolution than the meter scale of ROV location data alone (Kennedy et al, 2019). These 3D photogrammetric reconstructions avoid the problems of controlling for altitude that often accompany 2D photo-montages because the triangulation of points using photographs from multiple angles limits the possible errors-if there is not enough photographs to accurately reconstruct the area, then the 3D model will not be generated (see Robert et al, 2017 for further details).…”

“…SPPA has not been widely applied to sessile animal communities, but has been used to investigate coral colony aggregations (Muko et al, 2014), to consider mortality due to adult proximity (Gibbs and Hay, 2015), and has been suggested for quantifying changes over time (Piazza et al, 2020). Most SPPA studies of benthic communities have focused on disease spread through sponge and coral populations (e.g., Jolles et al, 2002;Zvuloni et al, 2009;Muller and van Woesik, 2012;Easson et al, 2013;Deignan and Pawlik, 2015) with limited numbers of analyses using SPPA to investigate population spatial aggregations (Prado et al, 2019). These previous studies on benthic communities mostly focus on describing the spatial patterns found.…”

Fine-Scale Heterogeneity of a Cold-Water Coral Reef and Its Influence on the Distribution of Associated Taxa

“…Each of those studies revealed species density changes and broad aggregation within the study sites which were attributed to local environmental factors such as mechanical disturbances, physical gradients, and geological processes. Recently, the application of SfM has enabled the quantification of spatial patterns in deep-sea sponges, ophiuroids, and gorgonians, utilising PPA (Prado et al, 2019(Prado et al, , 2020Mitchell and Harris, 2020).…”

“…However, so far these datasets have not been analysed with PPA, and thus relatively little is known about fine scale spatial organisation of reef building coral and reef inhabitants. PPA and 1-D second order clustering statistics of azooxanthelate corals have been undertaken, detecting CPs of soft corals and the scleractinian reef builder Madrepora oculata (Orejas et al, 2009;Gori et al, 2011;Prado et al, 2019) over of tens of metres. However, these studies lacked quantitative sub-metric information of their local spatial environment and thus the reasons for the observed clustering, such as substrate availability, hydrodynamics and food availability could only be inferred.…”

3D Fine-scale Terrain Variables from Underwater Photogrammetry: A New Approach to Benthic Microhabitat Modeling in a Circalittoral Rocky Shelf

“…Based on underwater 3D photogrammetry, a very detailed population structure of Paramuricea clavata [24] and Placogorgia sp. [25,26] has been identified in deep-sea gorgonian forest. In a similar way, growth rates of Paragorgia arborea and Primnoa resedaeformis [27] and approximate age of 16 sponge species in the Caribbean Sea [28] have been obtained from nondestructive in situ methods.…”