Analysis of the Possibilities of Using HBIM Technology in the Protection of Cultural Heritage, Based on a Review of the Latest Research Carried out in Poland

Abstract

The implementation of HBIM technology in the research carried out with historical objects remains at a very early stage and constitutes only a fracture of current studies, including in Poland. This process becomes indispensable for the analysis of the existing condition, management and protection of cultural heritage. Therefore, it proves necessary to elaborate directions and guidelines for the implementation of HBIM technology. The present article deals with research and analysis of Polish conservation studies. We discuss the methods for recording information, the scope and detail of the elaborated 3D model, including library objects. The possibility of further editing of objects, the digital tools applied and the data recording formats were all analyzed. The tables present the discrepancies in the creation of 3D objects. We described and compared the studied objects. The collected analyzes were used to summarize important parameters and collected data. This in turn allowed us to elaborate universal guidelines that could be used in the implementation of HBIM technology in other countries as well. Digital tools and data recording formats used to develop the discussed models of objects pave the way to the possibility of further editing and implementation of HBIM technology.

Towards digital twins for heritage buildings: A workflow proposal

“…The solution has been to create external databases linked to the BIM model, nevertheless, the updates are not automatically propagated to the model. [30][31][32] Bastem and Cekmis 13 conducted a Systematic Literature Review into the uses and workflows for HBIM. They identified that the absence of specific software, automated segmentation, and feature recognition hindered the conversion of point clouds into accurate semantically enriched 3D models.…”

“…To deal with this gap, one of the following paths must be taken: 1) combining several programs and file formats in the workflow, resulting in models that are difficult to update and maintain; or 2) oversimplifying the geometry and, thus, sacrificing the model's accuracy as well as its usability for simulation purposes. 8,13,19,[23][24][25][29][30][31] Thus, more research is needed to seamlessly insert NURBS modeling in HBIM workflows to accurately represent complex geometry.…”

“…For Pocobelli et al, 30 beyond a lack of automation in the scan-to-BIM process, there is a lack of definition of the necessary level of development for different simulations. Janisio-Pawlowski 31 considers that existing classification systems, such as Omniclass, are not appropriate for HBIM because of the heterogeneity of historic construction methods and materials. Moreover, models should be geometrically accurate and enriched with reliable material and descriptive information.…”

“…The use of generic objects should be avoided, and the IFC format should be preferred. 31 The documentation and data used to develop an HBIM model should be attached to it, due to their importance for heritage sciences. The solution has been to create external databases linked to the BIM model, nevertheless, the updates are not automatically propagated to the model.…”

Digital twin application in heritage facilities management: systematic literature review and future development directions

“…HFM emphasises the management of the interactions between the heritage building and its surrounding environment, with “people” being a crucial component (Hou and Wu, 2019; Ho and Hou, 2019). In the meantime, new technologies have been increasingly applied to building heritage documentation, analysis and preservation (Janisio-Pawlowska, 2021). The heritage digitisation tools, such as three-dimensional (3D) scanning, global positioning system (GPS), satellite imagery, rectified photography and building information modelling (BIM), have not only enabled the visual presentation of heritage, but also provided technological solutions for efficient conservation management (Piaia et al ., 2021).…”