Analysis of the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using Novel Diagnostic Criteria

Abstract

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and analyse its risk factors using the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups' diagnostic criteria. Method: Pregnant women (n = 650) were selected for our study. The related risk factors of GDM were collected using a questionnaire. The 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was done from the 24 th to the 28 th week of their gestation. Their blood glucose levels were measured. Results: The GDM prevalence was 32.8%. Age, pre-pregnancy weight, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, weight at birth and triglycerides in the GDM group were significantly higher than that of the normal glucose tolerance group (p < 0.05). The correlation analyses revealed that: age, pre-pregnancy weight, weight gain during pregnancy, the weights of the pregnant women at delivery, family history of diabetes, birth times, previous history of adverse pregnancy and hypertriglyceridaemia, were significantly correlated with the development of GDM (p < 0.05). Stratified analyses showed that the prevalence of GDM increased gradually with age and increased pre-pregnancy BMI. The pregnant women with a history of multiple pregnancies and previous adverse pregnancy had a significantly increased risk of developing GDM. Multiple stepwise regression analyses data indicated that prepregnancy weight, weight gain during pregnancy, family history of diabetes, previous adverse pregnancy, and hypertriglyceridaemia were the independent risk factors that contributed to the development of GDM in the pregnant women. Conclusion: The use of newly defined criteria has increased the apparent prevalence rate of GDM in the pregnant women we studied. Intervention treatment should be administered if the risk factors for GDM are established in order to reduce the incidence of GDM in pregnant women. RESUMENObjetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la prevalencia de la diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) y analizar sus factores de riesgo usando los criterios de diagnóstico de la Asociación Internacional de Grupos de Estudio de Diabetes y Embarazo. Método: Seis cientos cincuenta mujeres embarazadas (n = 650) fueron seleccionadas para nuestro estudio. Los factores de riesgo relacionados de la DMG se recogieron utilizando un cuestionario. La prueba de tolerancia de glucosa oral de 75 g se realizó de la semana 24 a la semana 28 de la gestación. Se midieron los niveles de glucosa en sangre. Resultados: La prevalencia de DMG fue del 32.8%. La edad, índice de masa corporal antes del embarazo (IMC), peso antes del embarazo, aumento de peso gestacional, peso al nacer y los triglicéridos en el grupo de DMG fueron significativamente mayores que en el grupo de tolerancia normal a la glucosa (p < 0.05). Los análisis de correlación revelaron que la edad, el peso antes del embarazo, el aumento

Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in mainland China: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…After screening for eligibility based on the title and abstract, 107 articles were selected; of these, 25 articles were included after screening the full text. The main reasons for inclusion in the full‐text selection are shown in Figure . The 25 articles that met the requirements and were eventually included in the study covered the prevalence of GDM in pregnant women in 21 regions of mainland China between 2010 and 2017, including 79,064 participants.…”

Combined exposure to multiple essential elements and cadmium at early pregnancy on gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study

“…Additionally, our study observed a relatively high proportion of GDM diagnoses, amounting to 32.79%, which is consistent with various reported prevalence rates in different geographic regions of China. It is worth noting that another study, encompassing 690 Chinese pregnant women using the diagnostic criteria of IADPSG, also reported a GDM prevalence of 33.3% ( 55 ). The advanced age of the pregnant women in our study, with a mean age of 32.77 and 32.15 years, could potentially account for this higher prevalence.…”

First Trimester Preeclampsia Screening and Prevention: Perspective in Chinese Mainland

“…80 Other studies have demonstrated that the incidence of GDM in Chinese mainland varies between 5.1% and 33.3%. 81,82 Advanced maternal age, overweight status, and family history of diabetes mellitus could significantly increase the prevalence of GDM with incidence of 26.7% (95% CI: 23.2-30.3%), 30.3% (95% CI: 25.9-34.7%), and 32.9% (95% CI: 27.5-38.4%), respectively. 80 Despite the most recent survey in Chinese mainland demonstrating an increasing trend of obesity, the prevalence of obesity is still significantly lower than that in Western populations, largely attributed to differences in dietary and lifestyle factors.…”

“…A meta-analysis of 25 studies involving 79,064 Chinese pregnant women demonstrates that the total incidence of GDM in Chinese mainland was 14.8% (95% CI : 12.8–16.7%) 80 . Other studies have demonstrated that the incidence of GDM in Chinese mainland varies between 5.1% and 33.3% 81,82 . Advanced maternal age, overweight status, and family history of diabetes mellitus could significantly increase the prevalence of GDM with incidence of 26.7% (95% CI : 23.2–30.3%), 30.3% (95% CI : 25.9–34.7%), and 32.9% (95% CI : 27.5–38.4%), respectively 80 .…”