Analysis of the Soft Tissue Facial Profile of Croatians Using of Linear Measurements

Milošević, Sandra Anić; Varga, Marina Lapter; Šlaj, Mladen

doi:10.1097/scs.0b013e31815c9446

Cited by 32 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…All the angles were larger in women. This finding was similar to the studies of Malko0 et al, 25 Milosevi0 et al, 24 and Fernández-Riveiro et al 4 Interestingly, the angular values in these racial/ethnic groups were close to the values found in the current study. Among the 3 angles, the nasofrontal angle rather than the nasal tip angle and the nasolabial angle demonstrated significant sex difference.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Anthropometric Measurement and Analysis of the External Nasal Soft Tissue in 119 Young Han Chinese Adults

Jian

et al. 2009

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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A random sample of 119 young, healthy Han Chinese adults (56 men and 63 women) between the age of 18 and 25 years (mean, 22.7 y) in PR China was obtained for this study. By the guidance of standard methods, based on Farkas's anthropometric measurements in craniofacial region, 12 nasal soft tissue landmarks and 12 linear and 3 angular measurements were chosen. The linear measurements were taken directly, whereas the angular measurements were taken by photogrammetric method. Eight nasal proportion indices were calculated according to the linear measurements. The application of the independent-samples t-test showed sex dimorphism in most parameters of the nasal region. All the linear measurements were larger in men than in women, whereas all the angular measurements were smaller in men than in women. The significant differences in partial parameters between men and women have been proved. Ten of 12 linear measurements, 1 of 3 angular measurements, and 3 of 8 nasal proportion indices showed significant sexual dimorphism (P < 0.01). Compared with other racial/ethnic groups, the nasal anthropometric measurements and proportion indices of Han Chinese adults were different, to some extent. This study could provide credible and objective reference material for plastic and maxillofacial surgeons for the external nasal soft tissue evaluation and planning of the cosmetic nasal surgery. Besides, these results could be a useful guidance for preoperative and postoperative evaluations of secondary rhinoplasty in nasal deformity associated with cleft lip and palate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Anthropometric Measurement and Analysis of the External Nasal Soft Tissue in 119 Young Han Chinese Adults

Jian

et al. 2009

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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“…Many linear and angular measures of the soft tissue profile, and a variety of cephalometric analyses, have been developed to determine the ideal facial proportions [17–20]. Beauty is not an exact science, but according to some plastic surgeons, there is a specific proportion system that takes into account facial height, width and symmetry.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing the Complications Associated with the Use of Dermal Fillers in Facial Aesthetic Procedures: An Expert Group Consensus Report

Urdiales-Gálvez

Delgado²,

Figueiredo³

et al. 2017

Aesth Plast Surg

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BackgroundThe use of dermal fillers in minimally invasive facial aesthetic procedures has become increasingly popular of late, yet as the indications and the number of procedures performed increase, the number of complications is also likely to increase. Paying special attention to specific patient characteristics and to the technique used can do much to avoid these complications. Indeed, a well-trained physician can also minimize the impact of such problems when they do occur.MethodsA multidisciplinary group of experts in aesthetic treatments reviewed the main factors associated with the complications that arise when using dermal fillers. A search of English, French and Spanish language articles in PubMed was performed using the terms “complications” OR “soft filler complications” OR “injectable complications” AND “dermal fillers”. An initial document was drafted that reflected the complications identified and recommendations as to how they should be handled. This document was then reviewed and modified by the expert panel, until a final text was agreed upon and validated.ResultsThe panel addressed consensus recommendations about the preparation, the procedure and the post-procedural care. The panel considered it crucial to obtain an accurate medical history to prevent potential complications. An additional clinical assessment, including standardized photography, is also crucial to evaluate the outcomes and prevent potential complications. Furthermore, the state of the operating theatre, the patient’s health status and the preparation of the skin are critical to prevent superficial soft tissue infections. Finally, selecting the appropriate technique, based on the physician’s experience, as well as the characteristics of the patient and filler, helps to ensure successful outcomes and limits the complications.ConclusionsThis consensus document provides key elements to help clinicians who are starting to use dermal fillers to employ standard procedures and to understand how best to prevent potential complications of the treatment.Level of Evidence VThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

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“…[3][4][5] It is not possible to evaluate the soft tissues from the frontal view by using cephalometric radiographs. In addition to cephalometric radiographs, soft tissue evaluation has been carried out by means of different methods such as anthropometry, [6][7][8][9][10] two-or threedimensional photogrammetry, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] and three-dimensional imaging techniques. 24,25 Among these methods, two-dimensional photogrammetry has the advantage of being a basic, noninvasive, cost-effective, and quick method that requires minimal time and equipment in the assessment of soft tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of reference distances used in photogrammetry

Aksu¹,

Kaya²,

Kocadereli³

2010

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To determine the reliability of the reference distances used for photogrammetric assessment. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 100 subjects with mean ages of 22.97 6 2.98 years. Five lateral and four frontal parameters were measured directly on the subjects' faces. For photogrammetric assessment, two reference distances for the profile view and three reference distances for the frontal view were established. Standardized photographs were taken and all the parameters that had been measured directly on the face were measured on the photographs. The reliability of the reference distances was checked by comparing direct and indirect values of the parameters obtained from the subjects' faces and photographs. Repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bland-Altman analyses were used for statistical assessment. Results: For profile measurements, the indirect values measured were statistically different from the direct values except for Sn-Sto in male subjects and Prn-Sn and Sn-Sto in female subjects. The indirect values of Prn-Sn and Sn-Sto were reliable in both sexes. The poorest results were obtained in the indirect values of the N-Sn parameter for female subjects and the Sn-Me parameter for male subjects according to the Sa-Sba reference distance. For frontal measurements, the indirect values were statistically different from the direct values in both sexes except for one in male subjects. The indirect values measured were not statistically different from the direct values for GoGo. The indirect values of Ch-Ch were reliable in male subjects. The poorest results were obtained according to the P-P reference distance. Conclusions: For profile assessment, the T-Ex reference distance was reliable for Prn-Sn and SnSto in both sexes. For frontal assessment, Ex-Ex and En-En reference distances were reliable for Ch-Ch in male subjects. (Angle Orthod. 2010;80:670-677.)

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Analysis of the Soft Tissue Facial Profile of Croatians Using of Linear Measurements

Cited by 32 publications

References 14 publications

Anthropometric Measurement and Analysis of the External Nasal Soft Tissue in 119 Young Han Chinese Adults

Anthropometric Measurement and Analysis of the External Nasal Soft Tissue in 119 Young Han Chinese Adults

Preventing the Complications Associated with the Use of Dermal Fillers in Facial Aesthetic Procedures: An Expert Group Consensus Report

Reliability of reference distances used in photogrammetry

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