Analysis of the solubility of carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides in steels using methods of computer thermodynamics: III. Solubility of carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides in the Fe-Ti-C, Fe-Ti-N, and Fe-Ti-C-N systems

The Laser Alloying Process of Ductile Cast Iron Surface with Titanium Powder in Nitrogen Atmosphere

“…The XRD analysis (Figure 8) confirmed the retained austenite occurrence in the surface layer structure. The cementite fraction (Table 5) decreased with the increase in titanium content and TiCN precipitate fraction, because during crystallization of the liquid metal pool, first the TiCN precipitates are formed, which is consistent with the results of thermodynamic calculations of the Fe-Ti-C-N system [31]. The high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) observations (Figure 9) showed that the matrix of in situ composite laser-alloyed surface layer is composed of martensite laths and cementite.…”

“…The applied laser alloying process parameters allowed for the production of surface layers with the maximum average titanium content of 5.82 wt.% and the maximum average TiCN precipitate fraction of 10.12 vol.%. With the increase in titanium content, the average TiCN precipitate fraction increased, which is due to the fact that in the analyzed thermodynamic system, the TiCN precipitates are formed first (the Gibbs free energy is the lowest) [31]. The EDS line-scan analysis (Figure 4) carried out on the cross-section of the beads also showed that the process caused the homogeneous introduction of both titanium and nitrogen throughout the depth of the beads, by the fluid flow caused by Marangoni convection.…”

Surface alloying of AISI 1045 steel in a nitrogen environment using a gas tungsten arc process

“…In this study, the alloying system is mainly consisted of Fe, Ti, C, and N. Several researchers have investigated the thermodynamics of a Fe-Ti-C-N system and their results show that possible products can be predicted from the assessment of the underlying ternary systems, including: Fe-Ti-C, Fe-Ti-N, Fe-C-N, and Ti-C-N (Jonsson, 1998;Gorbachev and Popov, 2009). According to these ternary systems and the compositions of the treated layers, which are rich in Fe, the possible products from each ternary system can be predicted as follows:…”

“…9 demonstrates the variation of the free energies of each reaction with temperature. The data of Fe 2 Ti, FeTi, Fe 3 C, TiC, TiN and Fe 4 N are calculated and plotted according to the thermodynamic data from Wang et al (2005aWang et al ( ,b, 2006, Jo et al (2008), Gorbachev andPopov (2009), andGaskell (1995).…”

Phase Diagrams of Novel MAX Phases

“…二元体系数据库分别引用自 Gorbachev [16] 、Luo [17] 、 Wang [18] 、Deng [19] 和 Hämäläinen [20] [4,23] ; # Lattice parameters of Ti 3 ZnC 2 synthesized by Li, et al [5][6] 2.2 Ti-Au-C 体系的相图…”