Analysis of the substrate nature on the strength of a single-lap joint

Abstract

Nowadays, the adhesive bonding process takes an important place in several industrial fields, especially in aeronautics. Given its advantages over other conventional mechanical processes, this process is being extended to be applied in composite materials and, in recent years, more particularly in the bonding of functional graded materials (FGM). Current research aims to optimize the mechanical properties of the substrates and the adhesive to minimize stress concentrations in the adhesive joint, which is the weak link of the structure. The present work analyzes, by the finite element method (FEM), the mechanical behavior of a single-lap joint with varying nature of the substrates. The analysis takes into account the variation of stresses in the adhesive of a bonded joint of different types (metal/metal, composite/composite, FGM/metal, FGM/FGM). On the other hand, an attempt has been made to introduce an adhesive with graded mechanical properties made up of two types to ensure efficient joining and reduce stress concentrations at the bond edges. The introduction of the FGM substrate mechanical properties is done using a USDFLD subroutine implemented in the ABAQUS computer code. Different damage approaches were used for the adhesive, namely the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) and cohesive zone models (CZM) techniques. The effect of the mechanical properties of the substrates and adhesive were considered. The results show clearly that the value of the different stresses can be reduced if the mechanical properties of the substrates are optimized. On the other hand, the different techniques used to model the bonded joint converge towards the same results, emphasizing the agreement of the load-displacement curves with the experimental test, and the variation of the stresses according to the lap length with analysis by analytical models.

Experimental and numerical investigation of impact behavior in honeycomb sandwich composites

“…It will be established based on the fracture energy as a property of the material followed by an exponential softening behavior and equal to the fracture energy. ABAQUS uses an evolution of the damage variable D which reduces to 49,50 : In this context, “ G o ” represents the elastic energy when damage starts, “ G T ” stands for the equivalent fracture toughness required for complete damage (fracture energy), “ Teff0 ” signifies the effective traction at the onset of damage, “ δnormalm0 “ denotes the effective displacement at the initiation of damage, and “ δnormalmnormalf ” indicates the effective displacement at the point of full failure. The subscript “m” is used to account for the contact separation, which is influenced by a combination of deformation in both the normal mode and shear mode.…”